Abstract: The upkeep and maintenance of educational buildings play a crucial role in ensuring longevity and sustainability. It is imperative to prioritize the maintenance of these resources to uphold the quality and functionality of the educational environment. Therefore, the maintenance level of educational buildings is very critical to the educational effectiveness and sustainability. However, despite the crucial role of these structures in the educational advancement and growth of the economy, the use of ICT in the    maintenance of buildings in developing countries, particularly South Eastern, Nigeria remains below standard. Presently, there is limited or no research/data in Nigeria to assess how extensively the use of ICT in Facilities Management in Public Institutions. The aim of this research is to investigate the level of utilization of ICT tools in the maintenance of buildings in Federal Polytechnic, Oko, Anambra State with a view to improving the applicability of ICT tools in maintenance of building. The research adopted both the quantitative and qualitative methods where questionnaires and interviews helped elicit responses from the fifty-0ne (51) staff of the works and services department in the Polytechnics. Furthermore, the study reveals that the barriers to the utilisation of ICT tools in maintaining buildings include complexity of the ICT tools and more. The study strongly advocates that the school management should consider the    adoption of ICT into the management of their facilities for optimal efficiency, effectiveness and sustainability

Keywords: educational buildings play, educational environment, Public Institutions, Federal Polytechnic.

Title: CHALLENGES TO THE ADOPTION OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) IN BUILDING MAINTENANCE IN NIGERIAN INSTITUTIONS – A CASE STUDY OF FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC, OKO

Author: Joy Chinenyenwa Anene, Kevin Chuks Okolie, Ikenna Chinedu Mba, James Makuochukwu Nwannadi

International Journal of Novel Research in Engineering and Science

ISSN 2394-7349

Vol. 11, Issue 1, March 2024 - August 2024

Page No: 149-157

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 27-August-2024

Amendment Date: 07-September-2024

Abstract: Risk management in renewable energy investment is crucial for mitigating the diverse risks that can affect the viability and profitability of projects. Renewable energy projects face several types of risks, including market, credit, and operational risks. Market risks involve price volatility, demand variability, and changes in regulatory and policy environments, which can significantly impact revenue streams. Credit risks are associated with counterparty defaults and challenges in securing financing, while operational risks encompass technical failures, resource variability, and project management inefficiencies. To address these risks, investors and project developers employ various hedging strategies. Financial derivatives, such as futures, forwards, options, and swaps, are used to manage price volatility by locking in prices or providing flexible contracts. Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs), particularly fixed-price and hedged PPAs, offer long-term revenue stability by securing prices for the electricity produced. Contracts for Difference (CfDs) also play a crucial role by protecting against price fluctuations and ensuring predictable cash flows. Insurance products provide another layer of risk mitigation. Performance insurance covers underperformance due to lower-than-expected energy output, while construction insurance protects against delays, damages, and cost overruns during project development. Operational insurance offers comprehensive coverage for operational assets, and political risk insurance safeguards against risks arising from political changes, such as expropriation or policy shifts. Diversification techniques are essential for spreading risk across various dimensions. Geographic diversification involves investing in projects across different regions to reduce exposure to localized risks. Technological diversification balances risks by investing in a mix of renewable energy technologies, such as solar, wind, and hydro. Additionally, diversification in project size and stage—investing in both small and large projects as well as in different project phases (early-stage versus operational)—helps balance risk and return profiles. Overall, a comprehensive risk management strategy that combines hedging, insurance, and diversification techniques is vital for successful investment in renewable energy projects. As the renewable energy sector continues to evolve, so too will the strategies for managing the unique risks associated with these investments.

Keywords: Investment, Management strategies, Renewable, Energy.

Title: Risk Management Strategies in Renewable Energy Investment

Author: Kelvin Edem Bassey, Jolly Aigbovbiosa, Chijioke Paul Agupugo

International Journal of Novel Research in Engineering and Science

ISSN 2394-7349

Vol. 11, Issue 1, March 2024 - August 2024

Page No: 138-148

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 13-August-2024

Abstract: Renewable energy microgrids represent a transformative shift in the way energy is generated, distributed, and consumed, offering a more resilient, sustainable, and efficient alternative to traditional power systems. This paper explores recent technological advancements that are propelling the development and deployment of renewable energy microgrids. Firstly, the integration of smart grid technologies has significantly enhanced the functionality and efficiency of microgrids. Advanced sensors, automation systems, and real-time data analytics enable precise monitoring and control of energy flows, ensuring optimal performance and reliability. These technologies facilitate the seamless incorporation of diverse renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydro, balancing supply and demand dynamically and reducing reliance on fossil fuels. Secondly, advancements in energy storage solutions have been pivotal. High-capacity batteries, particularly lithium-ion and emerging solid-state technologies, have improved energy storage capabilities, enabling microgrids to store excess energy generated during peak production periods and dispatch it during high-demand periods or when renewable sources are unavailable. This storage capability is crucial for maintaining a stable and continuous power supply, especially in isolated or off-grid areas. Moreover, the advent of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) has revolutionized the management and optimization of microgrids. AI-driven algorithms can predict energy consumption patterns, optimize energy distribution, and automate decision-making processes, leading to increased efficiency and reduced operational costs. These technologies also enhance the resilience of microgrids by predicting and mitigating potential disruptions, such as equipment failures or adverse weather conditions. Additionally, advancements in blockchain technology offer promising solutions for peer-to-peer energy trading within microgrids. Blockchain ensures secure, transparent, and efficient transactions, allowing consumers to buy and sell excess energy locally, thereby fostering community engagement and maximizing the use of locally generated renewable energy. In conclusion, the convergence of smart grid technologies, advanced energy storage, AI and ML, and blockchain is driving significant advancements in renewable energy microgrids. These technologies not only enhance the efficiency, reliability, and sustainability of microgrids but also empower communities to take control of their energy future, paving the way for a more sustainable and resilient energy landscape.

Keywords: Advancements; Technology; Renewable Energy; Microgrids; Artificial Intelligence; Machine Learning.

Title: Advancements in Technology for Renewable Energy Microgrids

Author: Chijioke Paul Agupugo, Abidemi Obatoyinbo Ajayi, Chinonso Nwanevu, Segun Samuel Oladipo

International Journal of Novel Research in Engineering and Science

ISSN 2394-7349

Vol. 11, Issue 1, March 2024 - August 2024

Page No: 122-137

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 10-August-2024

Abstract: In this modern era, more emphasis are on sustainable and environmental friendly materials. This demand has made the current advancement in the technological world to requires innovative and sustainable ways of materials production. The need to ensure a sustainable green future is currently the driving force for ensuring the complete replacement of non-biodegradable materials with biodegradable ones. Hence, available natural resources are now receiving more attention in environmental friendly processing methods. Thus, the use of wastes from animals in composite fabrication is one of the salient means of achieving this feat. Therefore, this review presents the potentials of various animal-based natural fibre which are not often discussed elaborately in many articles unlike plant-based natural fibre, though widely used. Hence, the review revealed that different animal fibers from wool and feather have their unique properties despite having basically keratin protein structure in animals and birds as well as fibroin structure in silk while animal-based particles from shells and bones possess essential structures in form of calcium carbonate and glucopyranose. These constituents and structures were observed to be responsible for improved performance in bio-composite development. Thus the review present sources, types and processing routes for several applications such as biomedical, transportation, electronics, building and construction, packaging and textiles.

Keywords: bio composite, eco-friendly material, natural fibre, fibroin, keratin, protein, silk.

Title: Sustainable Eco Friendly Trends In Processing And Application Of Animal Based Wastes: A Review On Natural Fibre Or Particle

Author: Isiaka O. Oladele, Olajesu F. Olanrewaju, Ayodele O. Adedeke, Olanike M. Oluwafemi, Opeyemi V. Oyedokun, Olaitan C. Fogbonjaiye, Bidemi S. Jiddah-Kazeem, Seun A. Oyegunna, Joshua O. Ajileye, Samson O. Adelani

International Journal of Novel Research in Engineering and Science

ISSN 2394-7349

Vol. 11, Issue 1, March 2024 - August 2024

Page No: 100-121

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 07-August-2024

Abstract: It explores the revolutionary impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the management of civil engineering projects, with an emphasis on how AI boosts productivity, lowers expenses, and strengthens risk control. The study covers the following important topics: the use of AI tools in automation and predictive analytics, the advantages of these technologies, and the difficulties in integrating them. Through the completion of a complete literature review, case study analysis, and industry professional survey, this research offers an in-depth assessment of artificial intelligence's role in project management. The results show that artificial intelligence (AI) offers enhanced risk mitigation capabilities and greatly increases project efficiency and cost control. But there are still significant obstacles to overcome, like expensive implementation fees and complicated technological issues, the study provides a deeper understanding of AI's potential and practical implications for the future of civil engineering.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Civil Engineering, Project Management, Predictive Analytics, Automation, Risk Management, Efficiency, Cost Control, Integration Challenges.

Title: The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Civil Engineering Project Management

Author: MD AKIBUL HASAN, Muhammad Tayyab Raza

International Journal of Novel Research in Engineering and Science

ISSN 2394-7349

Vol. 11, Issue 1, March 2024 - August 2024

Page No: 87-99

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 05-August-2024

Abstract: Generally nanoparticles size ranges from 1 to 100 nm with one (or) more dimensions. Generally nanoparticles classified into inorganic, organic and particles based on carbon in scale that has properties improved compared to larger size of respective materials. They show properties which are enhanced such as strength, sensitivity, high reactivity, stability, surface area etc., due to their smaller size. They were synthesized by various methods for research and commercial uses which are classified into three types-chemical, physical and mechanical processes which had sawn a vast improvement. We have prepared this paper to present a review on nanoparticles, their types, characterization, synthesis methods and applications in field of environment.

Keywords:  Applications, Characteristics, Evaluations, Formulations, Nanoparticles, Types.

Title: A REVIEW ON PREPARATION METHODS OF CURCUMIN NANOPARTICLES

Author: K. Malleswari, Dr Rama Brahma Reddy, Devarakonda Mounika, Shaik Irfana, Ambati Durga Anjali.

International Journal of Novel Research in Engineering and Science

ISSN 2394-7349

Vol. 11, Issue 1, March 2024 - August 2024

Page No: 78-86

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 05-August-2024

Abstract: The two most common time-frequency analysis methods for non-stationary signals are compared in this paper: the Wavelet Transform and the Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT). The need for effective analysis of signals whose frequency characteristics vary over time is crucial across various scientific and engineering domains. Given the limitations of traditional Fourier Transform methods in handling non-stationary data, this research employs MATLAB simulations to meticulously assess the performance of STFT and Wavelet Transform. The study systematically applies both methods to both synthetic chirp signals and real-world data to evaluate their time-frequency resolution, adaptability, and computational efficiency. Results from the simulations demonstrate that while STFT provides a consistent but rigid analysis framework, the Wavelet Transform offers superior adaptability and detailed signal decomposition, making it more suitable for signals with complex, transient behaviors. The findings aim to guide researchers and practitioners in selecting the most appropriate method based on the specific requirements of their signal analysis tasks. The implications of this research are significant, suggesting enhancements in signal processing techniques that could lead to more precise analysis and interpretation in fields such as telecommunications, seismology, and biomedical engineering.

Keywords: Time-Frequency Analysis, Non-Stationary Signals, Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT), Wavelet Transform, MATLAB Simulations, Signal Processing.

Title: Comparative Analysis of STFT and Wavelet Transform in Time-Frequency Analysis of Non-Stationary Signals

Author: Mst Lathifa Akter Sarna, Md Rakib Hossain, Md Alamgir Islam

International Journal of Novel Research in Engineering and Science

ISSN 2394-7349

Vol. 11, Issue 1, March 2024 - August 2024

Page No: 72-78

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 21-May-2024

Abstract: High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) matrix composites were developed using a compression moulding technique. Chitosan particles were chemically produced from deep-sea crab shells through deproteinization, demineralization, and 60% deacetylation methods. Human hair was treated with 5% NaOH and shredded into strands for use as reinforcement. Composites with varying weight fractions of chitosan particles (2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, and 4%) and human hair fibre (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5%) were developed at a moulding temperature of 180°C, under an applied pressure of 0.2 kPa. The composites showed improved mechanical properties. The best tensile strength (28.43 MPa) and tensile modulus (400.36 MPa) were achieved with 2.5 wt. % chitosan and 2 wt.% human hair fibre (Sample C). The highest hardness (51.52 HS) was found in Sample D with 3 wt.% chitosan and 3 wt.% human hair fibre. Impact strength consistently increased, with Sample D exhibiting the highest value (32.67 KJ/m²). Wear resistance was best in Sample D. Scanning electron microscopic analysis revealed uniform reinforcement dispersion in Samples B, C and D, while voids were observed in Samples E and F. The voids acted as stress concentrators, causing material fracture. Antimicrobial tests indicated initial microbiological presence, which was eliminated after sterilization. The control sample showed the highest bacterial growth, while Sample F (4% chitosan + 5% HF) has the lowest capacity to sustain bacterial growth. This indicates that sample F is the best for biomedical applications since it has a total average colony count of 122 CFU/ml, which is lower than all other samples.

Keywords: High Density Polyethylene, Chitosan particles, Human hair fibre, Compression moulding technique, Deproteinization, and Antimicrobial.

Title: Mechanical Behaviour, Wear Characteristics, and Biological Properties of Chitosan Particles- Keratinous Human Hair Fibre Reinforced High Density Polyethylene Matrix Hybrid Composite

Author: Adewuyi BO, Daramola OO, Adewole TA, Adediran AA, Oyetunji A, Adefegha AS, Olasunkanmi OG

International Journal of Novel Research in Engineering and Science

ISSN 2394-7349

Vol. 11, Issue 1, March 2024 - August 2024

Page No: 55-71

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 09-May-2024

Abstract: The automotive industry is increasingly exploring sustainable and innovative materials to meet the evolving demands for lightweight, durable, and eco-friendly solutions. This study investigate the development and characterization of epoxy-based composite reinforced with chicken feather fiber for potential applications in automotive components. Chicken feather fiber, a natural and renewable resource, is incorporated into the epoxy matrix through the open mold hand layup technique for the possibility of enhancing the mechanical and physical properties of the composite. Hence, tensile, flexural, hardness, impact, wear, thermal conductivity, and density measurements, were evaluated in order to access the performance of the composite across various parameters. The results demonstrate significant improvements in these properties with the addition of chicken feather fiber (CFF), where CFF between 12 and 15 wt% exhibited optima properties in the tensile, flexural, impact, hardness, and wear properties. Furthermore, the composite exhibits favorable thermal insulation properties and reduced density, offering potential advantages for light weighting and thermal management in automotive applications. The findings of this study highlight the promising potential of chicken feather fiber-reinforced composites as sustainable alternatives to conventional materials in the automotive industry, paving the way for the development of environmentally friendly and high-performance automotive components such as door panels, dashboard components, trim pieces, side skirts, body panels, engine compartment insulation, wear-resistant bushings, and bearings. 

Keywords: automobile, bio-based fiber, bio-composite, epoxy, feather, lightweight, sustainable material.

Title: Property Assessment of Locally Developed Bio-Based Feather Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Composite for Automotive Application

Author: Isiaka Oluwole Oladele, Samuel Olumide Falana, Ayodele Olawumi Adedeke, Bayode Benson Adeyanju, Opeyemi Victoria Oyedokun, Linus Nnabuike Onuh, Isaac Oloruntobi Adebiyi

International Journal of Novel Research in Engineering and Science

ISSN 2394-7349

Vol. 11, Issue 1, March 2024 - August 2024

Page No: 38-54

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 06-May-2024

Abstract: The requirement to create a safer, non-flammable, and ecologically friendly transformer coolant to replace the petroleum-based oil currently used as transformer oil is the aim of this study. To identify a viable and sustainable vegetable oil substitute for transformer oil, electrical and chemical experiments were conducted on samples of melon, jatropha, coconut, and palm kernel oil (PKO) with the aid of mechanical and solvent method. The insulation breakdown voltage test results of the vegetable oil samples without nanoparticle addition were Jatropha oil 21 kV, Coconut oil 18 kV, Melon seed oil 15 kV and PKO 25 kV, while with the introduction of nanoparticles, the results became 25 kV, 19 kV, 15 kV and 35 kV respectively. Results obtained from the research show that PKO can suitably serve as coolant in a distribution transformer rated 11 kV/415 V which can serve as a good substitute for mineral oil. The following technical data from the research will help transformer designers make important decisions about the use of biodegradable transformer coolant.

Keywords: Breakdown Voltage, Coconut Oil, Density, Flashpoint, Jatropha Oil, Melon Oil, Nano-Particle, Palm kernel Oil, Petroleum Oil, Transformer.

Title: ANALYSIS OF STANDARD TRANSFORMER OIL AND VARIANT VEGETABLE OIL FOR OPTIMUM OPERATION OF TRANSFORMER

Author: Uzoma Osuji, Chinonso S. Ezeonye, Fabian I. Izuegbunam, Nnamdi Iheaturu

International Journal of Novel Research in Engineering and Science

ISSN 2394-7349

Vol. 11, Issue 1, March 2024 - August 2024

Page No: 33-37

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 04-May-2024

Abstract: Ballistic materials are class of materials that are design for protection against projectiles. Several materials have been used ranging from ceramics to metals and polymers with some limitations that been response for the need for improvements. Hence, understanding the characteristics of modern-day materials for this application is essential for optimizing performance. The review categorizes materials into metals, polymers, ceramics, and composites, each possessing unique properties that influence their suitability for various ballistic scenarios. In addition to material classification, the review delves into manufacturing methods, spanning conventional techniques like casting, forging, and machining, to more advanced processes such as additive manufacturing and powder metallurgy. The review emphasizes the need for continuous research and innovation to address emerging threats and challenges faced in ballistic applications. Hence, the review examined historical contexts, recent advancements, and future prospects, emphasizing the importance of multidisciplinary approach for continuous improvement and innovation.

Keywords: Material Classification; Ballistic; Application; Manufacturing Method.

Title: Materials and Manufacturing Process for Ballistic Component: a review

Author: Bayode B. Adeyanju, Benjamin O. Adewuyi, Isiaka O. Oladele, Oluyemi O. Daramola, Fatai O. Aramide, Max C. Lemme, K. Ebisike

International Journal of Novel Research in Engineering and Science

ISSN 2394-7349

Vol. 11, Issue 1, March 2024 - August 2024

Page No: 17-32

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 19-April-2024

Abstract: Lateritic soil formation was monitored to examined the rate of ammonia deposition. The study was developed through the investigation, monitoring and modeling at various phases. Terminal velocity was observed from the variables to be a predominant parameter that influences the system. Formation characteristic such as porosity and permeability including void ratio were examined to be very low. These investigations were from  the lithology of the formation from other evaluations carried out in the analysis which reveals the cause of concentration in lateritic soil formation.  The derived solution from the governing equation express various conditions that these variables affect the depositions of  ammonia in the study area and it has the potential  to monitor the behaviour of  substances in subsurface flows 

Keywords: Modelling, migration, ammonia deposition and lateritic soil formation.

Title: MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS OF AMMONIA TRANSPORT IN LATERITIC SOIL

Author: Zuonaki Ongodiebi., Solomon Ndubuisi Eluozo

International Journal of Novel Research in Engineering and Science

ISSN 2394-7349

Vol. 11, Issue 1, March 2024 - August 2024

Page No: 12-16

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 18-April-2024

Abstract: This paper involves analysis and simulations on the 48-bus 330 kV Nigeria’s power network system under line failure contingency. The study used NEPLAN software for the simulation and MATLAB m-file for plotting of the charts in various cases. It is aimed to examine the voltage profile, load flow and available transfer capability of transmission grid system under base case conditions and transmission line contingency situation using the method of repeated power flow based on Newton Raphson. The unified power flow controller, UPFC is placed in the network for the enhancement of voltage profile, power flow and ATC. From the results obtained, integration of UPFC in the ATC least five locations had increased the values of the elements. When the network is operating without UPFC controller, the system had voltage profile of 293.12 kV with real and reactive of 742.93 MW and 1127.80 MVar respectively. However, when the network is operating with UPFC FACTS, the network had voltage profile of 309.23 kV with real and reactive of 783.76 MW and 1189.80 MVar respectively. From the deduced results, as UPFC FACTS increased power transfer during line failure, these FACTS should be installed in the specified locations of the Nigeria 330 kV network for the improvement of voltage profile, real and reactive power and ATC of the power system network.

Keywords: Active Power, Available Transfer Capability (ATC), Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS), MATLAB, NEPLAN, Power Flow, Reactive Power, Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC), Voltage Profile.

Title: EFFECT OF UNIFIED POWER FLOW CONTROLLER (UPFC) INTEGRATION TO POWER TRANSFER ON THE NIGERIA 330 KV POWER NETWORK DURING LINE CONTINGENCY

Author: Chinonso Stanley Ezeonye, John Atuchukwu, Innocent Ifeanyi Okonkwo

International Journal of Novel Research in Engineering and Science

ISSN 2394-7349

Vol. 11, Issue 1, March 2024 - August 2024

Page No: 1-11

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 30-March-2024