Abstract: The physicochemical analysis of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) and fresh water in Niger Delta was carried out and the results compared. POME and fresh water samples were collected every 14 days and same analysed for a total period of Eighty-Four (84) days. Some of the parameters analysed include temperature, pH, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD). This was done to ascertain the extent POME affects our environment and its susceptibility to corrosion. The range of results of the analysis for POME were temperature (23.3⁰C – 24.5⁰C), pH (5.59 – 6.75), Chemical Oxygen Demand (120.4mg/l – 430.8mg/l), Biological Oxygen Demand (13.4mg/l – 64.92mg/l) and that of the fresh water were temperature (23.1⁰C – 25.2⁰C), pH (6.31 – 7.42), Chemical Oxygen Demand (10.56mg/l – 42.3mg/l) and Biological Oxygen Demand (2.95mg/l – 5.78mg/l). The results showed that POME varied from that of fresh water, depicting that POME has the potential of affecting our environment adversely.

Keywords: fresh water, mill effluent, palm oil, physicochemical, Niger Delta.

Title: Comparative Analysis of Selected Physicochemical Properties of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) and Fresh Water in Niger Delta

Author: Amadi, T.N, Onyekwelu, C.G.

International Journal of Novel Research in Engineering and Science

ISSN 2394-7349

Vol. 12, Issue 2, September 2025 - February 2026

Page No: 83-89

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 26-February-2026

Abstract: As the air that man breathes continues to play important roles in human health and well-being, assessment of the atmospheric air components is becoming more crucial in recent years as man seems to be chemically net-round by health-threatening chemical substances as components of the atmospheric air. In the current study, three hours’ measurements of concentrations of particulate matters (PM_2.5 and PM₁₀​), gaseous pollutants (CO, CO₂, NO₂, SO₂, NH₃, O₃, and H₂S), and volatile organic compounds (methane-CH₄, and total volatile organic compounds-TVOC), using Digital 4-in-1 Gas Hand-held Monitors and Temtop Air-Quality Monitor while heavy metals were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results showed the highest PM_2.5 of (6.35±0.20), (7.31±0.10), and (5.40±0.25), and PM₁₀ of (9.65±0.30), (10.62±0.10), and (7.68±0.40), for car parks, markets, and residential areas, respectively, in the dry season. Also, the highest CO₂ of (1330±1.10) and (1300±0.6) were recorded for markets and parks, (6.80±0.11) and (6.10±0.12) recorded for parks and markets, respectively, while concentrations of Fe (0.029±0.040), Zn (0.026±0.020), and Cu (0.025±0.030) were obtained in the dry season. In terms of particulates, (dust particle > metallic particle >other suspended solids), while gases (CO₂>CO>NH₃>O₃>NO₂>SO₂>H₂S). Generally, except for dust particles, CO_2, and CO, the concentrations of other pollutants were below the WHO and FMEnv recommended limits. Additionally, the dry season recorded higher concentrations of particulate matter (PM₁₀​ and PM_2.5​), inorganic and organic gaseous pollutants, and heavy metals. These findings showed that Otukpo Metropolis is minimally polluted with dust, CO_2, and CO, thereby calling for urgent attention by governments at all levels.  

Keywords: Particulates, Parks, Markets, Heavy Metals, Dry season.

Title: Comparative Assessment of Seasonal Variation of Pollutants’ Level and Air Quality of Otukpo Metropolis: Spatial Dynamics Analysis and Possible Health Risks

Author: Wadai, Mutah, Idongesit, Nnammonso Akpan, Onwoke, Ebibi Elijah, Apeh, Augustine Joshua

International Journal of Novel Research in Engineering and Science

ISSN 2394-7349

Vol. 12, Issue 2, September 2025 - February 2026

Page No: 66-82

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 31-January-2026

Abstract: Silicon particles was synthesized from bamboo leaf ash using a sol– gel and aluminothermic reduction techniques, while bamboo stem was carbonized through chemical activation to obtain porous carbon. The Silica gel was extracted from the bamboo leaf ash and was thereafter reduced to silicon via aluminothermic reduction by mixing the gel with aluminium powder in the ratio of 1:4. The mixture was then heated in a furnace and held at 650°C for 2 hours. After the reaction, the powder was immersed in 1M HCl solution for 6 hour to remove Al₂O₃ and unreacted Al powders. The synthesized materials were characterized using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer and scanning electron microscope (SEM). XRF analysis revealed that the bamboo leaf ash derived silica gel contained 83.67 wt% SiO₂, confirming its suitability as a precursor for silicon-based anodes. SEM/EDX micrographs showed that the bamboo-derived carbon particles exhibited a porous, interconnected morphology and 73.26 wt.% carbon while the silicon particulates synthesized from the silica contains 85.24 wt.%. The findings demonstrate that bamboo is a viable, sustainable dual precursor for the synthesis of silicon–carbon particles with promising structural and compositional features for LIB anode applications. This research contributes to the development of eco-friendly, low-cost, and high capacity materials for advanced energy storage system

Keywords: Sol-gel technique; Aluminothermic reduction; Bamboo leaf ash; Silica-gel; Silicon particles.

Title: Bamboo Derived Silicon-Carbon Particles Suitable for Renewable Energy Application

Author: O. O. Daramola, H. K. Talabi, O. T. Ojo, A. F. Ajeboriogbon, O. G. Olasunkanmi, E. O. Olayanju

International Journal of Novel Research in Engineering and Science

ISSN 2394-7349

Vol. 12, Issue 2, September 2025 - February 2026

Page No: 56-65

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 19-January-2026

Abstract: This study investigated the modeling and simulation of an MEA-based CO₂ capture process for cement plant flue gas using Aspen Plus. The objective was to evaluate the performance of chemical absorption in reducing CO₂ emissions, given the cement industry’s role as a major source of greenhouse gases. A process flow diagram was developed consisting of an absorber, stripper, heat exchangers, pumps, and separation units. The flue gas composition considered was CO₂ (31.8%), H₂O (4.2%), O₂ (2.4%), and N₂ (61.6%). Monoethanolamine (MEA) was used as the solvent due to its high reactivity with CO₂ and established industrial application. The absorber facilitated CO₂ capture by chemical reaction with MEA, while the stripper regenerated the solvent and released concentrated CO₂ for compression and storage. Rigorous thermodynamic and mass transfer models were applied to optimize operating parameters such as temperature, pressure, solvent circulation rate, and reflux ratio. Simulation results demonstrated a CO₂ recovery efficiency of approximately 93.27%, confirming the process’s effectiveness. The study concluded that MEA absorption remains a reliable and scalable technology for post-combustion CO₂ capture in cement plants, with potential for integration into broader carbon management strategies.

Keywords: Aspen HYSYS, Carbon Capture, Cement Industry, Chemical Absorption, Design Expert, Flue Gas, Monoethanolamine, Process Optimization, Process Simulation, Solvent Regeneration.

Title: Performance Evaluation of Monoethanolamine Solvents for Post-Combustion Carbon Dioxide Removal in the Cement Industry

Author: Patrick E. Okose

International Journal of Novel Research in Engineering and Science

ISSN 2394-7349

Vol. 12, Issue 2, September 2025 - February 2026

Page No: 31-55

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 14-January-2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18241441

Abstract: Especially now that the deployment of 5G is on the increase, requirements for real-time environmental monitoring have put Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in performance demands exceeding that of traditional protocol design. Current WSN architectures merely optimize the protocol layers (MAC, Network, Transport) after an isolated, parallel design on how the three layers behave. The operation prevents networks from reaping optimum advantages from dynamic, low-latency 5G environments. The main thrust of this research is to address the urgent issue of simultaneous and cross-layer optimization in WSNs by building a unified framework that couples up all protocol layers with real-time 5G feedback to maximize throughput and packet delivery ratios (PDR) sets outcomes. We fight the static, layer Isolated tuning shortcomings by introducing five new types of analytical models. Adaptive Layer-wise Graph Neural Network is the initial model, where ALGNN captures inter-layer dependencies through using shared embeddings that abstract cross-layer states. Second, MADRL-SRS (Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning with Shared Reward Shaping): Encourages cooperative policy learning across protocol layers and synchronized reward signals. Real-Time Cross-Layer Bayesian Optimization with Hierarchical Priors: Third. Fourth, Hybrid Edge-Cloud Feedback Loop using Delay-Aware Kalman Estimators (HECF-KF) corrects time-drift effects across state decisions for network jitter or 5G variability. Finally, Topology-Adaptive Cross-Layer Entropy Minimization- This would minimize entropy over protocols metrics while ensuring stable routes in dynamic network topologies. Together, these models amount to a completely adaptive optimization pipeline that responds in real time to emerging environmental triggers and 5G network conditions. Experimental simulations show improvements of up to 33% on latency reduction, 32% increase in PDR, and 52% reduction in entropy across the network layers. This brings a strong foundation for the next generation of intelligent environmental monitoring systems over 5G-enabled WSNs.

Keywords: Cross-Layer Optimization, Wireless Sensor Networks, Environmental Monitoring, 5G Communication, Real-Time Adaptation, Process.

Title: Joint Cross-Layer Optimization Framework for 5G-Enabled Wireless Sensor Networks in Environmental Monitoring Systems

Author: Dr. Jaya Manoj Gadge

International Journal of Novel Research in Engineering and Science

ISSN 2394-7349

Vol. 12, Issue 2, September 2025 - February 2026

Page No: 24-30

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 26-December-2025

Abstract: Summary: Healthcare information systems are traditionally closed, monolithic silos. This architecture makes it difficult, if not impossible, to develop and deploy innovative applications that could function interchangeably across different systems in hospitals, laboratories, or doctors' offices. This lack of interoperability stifles innovation and prevents healthcare professionals from benefiting from modern tools.

The authors present SMART on FHIR as a solution to this problem. It is an open platform that combines two standards, FHIR (Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources) and SMART (Substitutable Medical Apps, Reusable Technologies).

The central idea is to create an ecosystem similar to that of app stores for health, where developers can create an application once and see it working on any SMART on FHIR compatible SIS.

This article demonstrates the feasibility of the approach through:

• The development of a "Launchpad" (dashboard) allowing clinicians to launch applications directly from their SIS.
• The creation of prototype applications for various use cases (data visualization, decision support).
• Successful integration tests with several major SIS, proving that the approach is viable on a large scale.

SMART on FHIR is presented as a paradigm shift. Instead of building increasingly complex closed systems, it proposes to create a simple and standardized platform on which a global community of developers can innovate.

In summary, this article lays the technological groundwork for a more open, innovative and interoperable health ecosystem, considered a key component for the future of health information systems.

Keywords: Interoperability, Heterogeneous systems, Data silos, Data fragmentation.

Title: Interoperability in Healthcare: The Challenge of the Single Patient Record - From Data Fragmentation to a Comprehensive View of the Care Pathway

Author: CT. DIONGA NDIBU Ornella, CT. LUBONGO MUEMBE Georgine, Ass. Glory ALONDA MADOMBA, Ass. Simplice EALE BOTULI, Prof. KABEYA TSHISEBA Cedric

International Journal of Novel Research in Engineering and Science

ISSN 2394-7349

Vol. 12, Issue 2, September 2025 - February 2026

Page No: 19-23

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 29-November-2025

Abstract: Drinking water samples from boreholes (GDB), tap (GDT) and well (GDW) water from Gandun Albasa, Kano Municipal Local Government, Kano State, were collected, in which the concentration of heavy metals were analyzed/determined with the aid of standard analytical technique (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry). The results of the analysis obtained describes the concentration of Co which was found to be 0.0056 mg/L in GDB, 0.041 mg/L in GDT and 0.06 mg/L in GDW samples. The concentration of Cu is found to be 0.123 mg/L in GDB, 0.091 mg/L in GDT and 0.077 mg/L samples. Nickel concentration was found to be 0.074 mg/L in GDB, 0.038 mg/L in GDT and 0.077 mg/L in GDW samples. Pb concentration was not detected in all of the samples. Finally, Zn concentration was found to be 0.042 mg/L in GDB, 0.115 mg/L in GDT and 0.327 mg/L in GDW samples. The concentration of heavy metals analyzes were compared with WHO recommended limits and was found to be below the limits in all of the samples. It’s evident based on this work that water samples analyzed from Gandun Albasa, Kano are safe for human consumption.

Keywords: Drinking water samples, standard analytical technique, (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry), human consumption.

Title: ASSESSMENT OF SOME SELECTED HEAVY METALS IN DRINKING WATER SAMPLES FROM GANDUN ALBASA, KANO MUNICIPAL LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, KANO

Author: Aliyu Ibrahim Ahmad, Usman Aliyu Sharifai, Salim Aliyu Yusuf, Sadiq Fahad Ahmad, Bashir Ahmad Isma’il

International Journal of Novel Research in Engineering and Science

ISSN 2394-7349

Vol. 12, Issue 2, September 2025 - February 2026

Page No: 1-18

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 08-October-2025