Abstract: Global medical shortages encompassing essential pharmaceuticals, medical devices, vaccines, and regenerative healthcare products represent a persistent and multifaceted public health crisis, exacerbated by supply chain disruptions, population aging, geopolitical instability, and pandemics such as COVID-19. These shortages compromise disease treatment and prevention, amplify healthcare costs, and widen global health inequities, with low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) bearing the brunt of the impact. Synthetic biology, an interdisciplinary field that integrates engineering principles with molecular biology, genetics, systems biology, and computational science, has emerged as a transformative tool to mitigate medical resource scarcity. By enabling the rational design, engineering, and scalable production of biological systems and products, synthetic biology offers sustainable, cost-effective, and flexible solutions to address unmet healthcare needs. This comprehensive literature review synthesizes the current state of synthetic biology applications in combating medical shortages, including the bio-manufacturing of drugs and vaccines, engineering of medical devices and bioengineered tissues, and development of personalized healthcare technologies. We further discuss the technical, regulatory, ethical, and economic challenges hindering the translation of synthetic biology innovations from the lab to global clinical practice, and propose actionable strategies including cross-sector collaboration, international partnerships, infrastructure investment, and policy support to accelerate the adoption of these technologies. Finally, we outline future directions for synthetic biology research, emphasizing its potential to advance global health equity and build a more resilient healthcare supply chain for future public health emergencies.

Keywords: Synthetic biology; medical shortages; bio-manufacturing; healthcare supply chain; global health equity; vaccine development; regenerative medicine; personalized medicine.

Title: Addressing Global Medical Shortages: A Synthetic Biology-Driven Paradigm for Sustainable Healthcare Solutions

Author: Rahimi Hajar, Maoyang Zhu

International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing

ISSN 2394-7330

Vol. 13, Issue 2, May 2026 - August 2026

Page No: 95-105

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 31-July-2026

Abstract: The effects of standard care (SC) on glycaemic control, BMI, and weight management in T2DM patients at university medical centers in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Diabetes mellitus causes morbidity, death, and healthcare expenses worldwide and in Nigeria. Multidisciplinary diabetes management techniques are supported by evidence, although Nigerian healthcare data is scarce.

A randomized controlled experiment was conducted on 240 adult T2DM patients at Rivers State University Medical Centre and Ignatius Ajuru University Education Medical Centre. Patients were divided among 120 multidisciplinary and 120 conventional care groups. HbA1c, weight, height, and BMI were measured using standardized questionnaires and clinical measures. Glycaemic management was rated as acceptable (HbA1c <7.0%), suboptimal (7.0-8.9%), or bad (≥9.0%). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 25, including descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, Spearman's correlation, logistic regression, and paired z-tests, with a significance level of p < 0.05.

Results: HbA1c categorization, knowledge of glycaemic state, frequency of blood glucose monitoring, and hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia symptoms were not significantly different across groups. In terms of weight management results, the multidisciplinary care group had a slightly lower mean BMI (28.44 kg/m²) than the standard care group (29.55 kg/m²), although the difference was not significant. BMI was dominated by obesity in both groups. In terms of physical activity, the standard care group reported greater exercise than the multidisciplinary care group, which was statistically significant.

Conclusion: Port Harcourt diabetics receiving multidisciplinary treatment did not enhance glycaemic control or BMI outcomes statistically compared to routine care. However, multidisciplinary care improved diabetes control and HbA1c knowledge. The study suggested adding organized exercise, nutritional counseling, behavioral adjustment, and weight monitoring to diabetic follow-up treatment to enhance long-term glycaemic and anthropometric outcomes in T2DM patients.

Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, glycaemic control, body mass index (BMI), multidisciplinary care.

Title: Comparative Study of Glycaemic Control, Body Mass Index, and Weight Management Outcomes among Diabetic Patients at University Medical Centres in Port Harcourt

Author: Mbaeyi Chinagorom Carlin, Cole, Osagie Kenneth, Etokwudo Onyeka Stanley, Okongko Aniefiok Dickson

International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing

ISSN 2394-7330

Vol. 13, Issue 2, May 2026 - August 2026

Page No: 83-94

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 28-July-2026

Abstract: Background: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) remain a major global patient safety challenge, contributing substantially to morbidity, mortality, prolonged hospitalization, antimicrobial resistance, and increased healthcare costs. Patients admitted to cardiac intensive care units (ICUs) are particularly vulnerable because of their critical illness, frequent exposure to invasive devices, and complex cardiovascular interventions. Nurses play a pivotal role in preventing HAIs through the consistent implementation of evidence-based infection prevention and control (IPC) measures. Therefore, assessing both nurses' knowledge and their observed clinical practices is essential for identifying strengths, potential gaps, and opportunities for quality improvement.

Aim: To assess nurses' knowledge and observed practices regarding infection prevention measures in a cardiac intensive care unit and to examine the relationship between knowledge level and practice competency.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using a census sampling approach involving all eligible registered nurses (N = 46) permanently employed in the Adult Cardiac Intensive Care Unit at Aswan Heart Center, Egypt. Data were collected using a structured self-administered knowledge questionnaire developed in accordance with World Health Organization (WHO) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) infection prevention recommendations, together with a standardized observational checklist adapted from the CDC Infection Control Assessment and Response (ICAR) Tool. Each nurse was observed during three separate clinical shifts to enhance the reliability of practice assessment. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 21. Descriptive statistics summarized participants' characteristics, knowledge, and practice levels, while Pearson's Chi-square test examined the association between knowledge level and practice competency. Statistical significance was established at p < 0.05.

Results: Thirty nurses (65.2%) demonstrated good knowledge, whereas sixteen (34.8%) demonstrated fair knowledge; none exhibited poor knowledge. Overall, observed infection prevention practices were competent across all assessed domains, with compliance meeting or exceeding the predefined competency threshold. High adherence was observed for ventilator care, medication preparation, airborne isolation precautions, sharps disposal, and personal protective equipment use, whereas comparatively lower compliance was identified in hand hygiene and urinary catheter care. No statistically significant association was found between nurses' knowledge level and observed practice competency (χ² = 0.013, p = 0.910).

Conclusion: Nurses working in the cardiac intensive care unit demonstrated satisfactory theoretical knowledge and competent implementation of evidence-based infection prevention measures. However, theoretical knowledge alone did not predict observed clinical performance, indicating that organizational support, standardized clinical protocols, continuous competency assessment, and institutional safety culture may exert greater influence on adherence than knowledge alone. Sustaining high-quality infection prevention practices therefore requires multifaceted strategies integrating continuous professional education, routine observational auditing, performance feedback, and strong organizational commitment to patient safety.

Keywords: Infection prevention and control; Healthcare-associated infections; Cardiac intensive care unit; Nurses; Knowledge; Clinical practice; Patient safety; Infection control.

Title: NURSES’ KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICES REGARDING INFECTION PREVENTION MEASURES IN CARDIAC INTENSIVE CARE UNIT

Author: Jean Bertin MUDENGE, Maha Adel, Marwa Abouheiba

International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing

ISSN 2394-7330

Vol. 13, Issue 2, May 2026 - August 2026

Page No: 71-82

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 12-July-2026

Abstract: Background: Perioperative patient safety is a fundamental component of high-quality surgical care, particularly for cardiac patients who are highly vulnerable to preventable adverse events throughout the surgical continuum. Nurses play a pivotal role in ensuring patient safety through the implementation of evidence-based perioperative safety measures. However, variations in nurses' knowledge and clinical practice may compromise the consistent delivery of safe perioperative care.

Aim: This study aimed to assess nurses' knowledge and practices regarding perioperative patient safety measures provided to cardiac surgical patients.

Methods: A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among a convenience sample of 89 nurses working in perioperative units at Aswan Heart Centre, Egypt. Data were collected using two validated instruments: a self-administered knowledge questionnaire and a structured perioperative safety observation checklist. Nurses' practices were observed across morning, evening, and night shifts before completion of the knowledge questionnaire to minimize observation bias. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including Chi-square tests and Pearson's correlation coefficient, were performed using SPSS version 21, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.

Results: Most nurses demonstrated competent perioperative safety practices (85.4%), whereas knowledge levels were predominantly fair, with 39.3% exhibiting poor knowledge, 45.0% fair knowledge, and only 15.7% good knowledge. Clinical experience and working area were significantly associated with both knowledge and practice (p < 0.05). Furthermore, nurses' knowledge showed a statistically significant positive correlation with overall practice (r = 0.217, p = 0.020), indicating that higher knowledge levels were associated with better implementation of perioperative safety measures.

Conclusion: Although perioperative nurses demonstrated high levels of practical competency, important deficiencies in theoretical knowledge remain, particularly in ethical and legal principles, pain management, communication, teamwork, and patient safety culture. Strengthening role-specific continuing education, simulation-based training, and standardized communication strategies may enhance knowledge translation into clinical practice and further improve perioperative patient safety in cardiac surgical settings.

Keywords: Cardiac surgery; nurses; patient safety; perioperative nursing; perioperative safety measures; knowledge; practice; competency.

Title: NURSES’ KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICES REGARDING PERIOPERATIVE PATIENT SAFETY MEASURES PROVIDED FOR CARDIAC PATIENTS

Author: Rene Jean Victor Muhirwa, Maha Adel, Marwa Abouheiba

International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing

ISSN 2394-7330

Vol. 13, Issue 2, May 2026 - August 2026

Page No: 56-70

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 12-July-2026

Abstract: Background: The study on stature estimation from right and left foot-lengths of young adults of Berom and Tarok ethnic groups of Nigeria were aim to determine the correlation of left foot-length (LFL) and right foot-length (RFL) to body height (BH) for crime detection, identification of mass mutilated mixed bodies and industrial production of shoes. Regression formula for stature estimation from foot-length was established.

Methodology: Anthropometric instruments were used for data collection. The total of 2000 subjects living in Jos-North consisting of 1000 Berom with 560(56%) females, 440(44%) males and 1000 Tarok with 580(58%) females and 420(42%) males were used for this study. 18-32years was adopted while 18-22years, 23-27years and 28-32years were used for data collection. Ethical approval was obtained from Ebonyi State University Abakaliki, Nigeria.

Results: The overall Berom males parameter values include LFL=25.610cm, RFL=25.640cm, BH=168.056cm and Berom females parameter values include LFL=23.091cm, RFL=23.370cm and BH=162.59cm. The overall Tarok males parameter values include LFL=25.130cm, RFL=25.160cm, BH=167.049cm and Tarok females parameter values include LFL=22.696cm, RFL=22.902cm and BH=161.96cm. 23-27years subjects had the highest population with 220(50%) Berom males, 304(54%) Berom females, 225(54%) Tarok males and 340(59%) Tarok females. The estimation of stature using foot-lengths had significance at the level of P<0.05.

Conclusion: The right and left foot-length of both Berom and Tarok of ethnic groups of Nigeria correlate to their respective body height for crime dictation, identification of mass mixed mutilated human bodies and industrial production of shoes.

Keywords: Stature estimation, Right foot-length, Left foot-length, Correlation.

Title: Stature Estimation from Right and Left Foot-Lengths of Young Adults of Berom and Tarok Ethnic Groups of Plateau State, Nigeria

Author: Izang Genesis

International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing

ISSN 2394-7330

Vol. 13, Issue 2, May 2026 - August 2026

Page No: 49-55

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 25-June-2026

Abstract: Background: Nursing is a profession that blends science with compassion, requiring practitioners to deliver holistic, patient-centered care in complex and evolving healthcare environments. Beyond technical expertise, nurses must develop emotional and adaptive capacities to manage stress, make effective decisions, and sustain resilience. Emotional intelligence (EI) including self-awareness, self-management, empathy, motivation, and social skills has emerged as a critical competency for enhancing communication, problem-solving, and care quality. In parallel, lifelong learning (LLL) is indispensable for nurses to maintain professional adaptability, integrate new knowledge, and ensure readiness for technological and clinical advancements. The intersection of EI and LLL is particularly significant, as emotional intelligence fosters motivation and persistence, while lifelong learning strengthens emotional resilience and reflective practice. Despite this interdependence, limited research has examined their relationship among nurses in Egypt, especially within Beheira Governorate hospitals. Methods: A descriptive, exploratory, correlational design was employed. A sample of 650 nurses was selected through systematic random sampling from four governmental hospitals. Data were collected using two validated instruments: the Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS) and the Lifelong Learning Tendency Scale (LLLT). Reliability was confirmed (EI α = 0.929; LLLT α = 0.92). Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, chi-square tests, and multivariate regression, with significance set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: Nurses demonstrated moderate levels of EI (55.8%) and high levels of motivation (62.8%) and persistence (53.2%), but lower scores in organizing learning (52.5%) and curiosity (51.8%). Overall, 39.1% showed high lifelong learning tendency. Emotional intelligence was strongly correlated with lifelong learning tendency (r = 0.924, p < 0.001). Regression analysis identified bachelor-level education, female gender, and rural residence as positive predictors of both EI and LLLT, while age negatively influenced both outcomes. Conclusion: Emotional intelligence significantly predicts lifelong learning tendency among nurses. Strengthening EI skills fosters motivation, persistence, and adaptability, thereby enhancing professional competence and patient care quality. Integrating EI development and lifelong learning strategies into nursing education and professional development programs is recommended to sustain competence in evolving healthcare environments.

Keywords: Emotional Intelligence; Lifelong Learning; Nurses; Professional Development; Beheira Governorate; Nursing Education; Healthcare Quality.

Title: The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Lifelong Learning Tendency among Nurses at Beheira Governorate Hospitals

Author: Mohamed Magdy Ahmed Baz, Abeer Mahmoud Abd Elfattah, Sally Abd El Hamid Fayed

International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing

ISSN 2394-7330

Vol. 13, Issue 2, May 2026 - August 2026

Page No: 38-48

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 01-June-2026

Abstract: Background: Developmental stuttering is associated with disruptions in temporal coordination, auditory-motor integration, and sensorimotor timing during speech production. Although auditory feedback has long been recognized as a central factor in speech fluency regulation, most traditional interventions have focused primarily on temporal manipulation of auditory input through delayed auditory feedback (DAF). The spatial organization of the auditory field during speech production remains comparatively underexplored as a therapeutic variable.

Objective: The present study introduces the Virtual Acoustic Field (VAF) framework—defined as the systematic shaping of the auditory environment through spatial, temporal, and intensity-related parameters of sound—and investigates its application in a case of developmental stuttering.

Methods: A 10-year-old boy with a four-year history of developmental stuttering received 16 sessions of real-time stereophonic 3D sound processing over eight weeks using a Behringer X Air XR12 digital mixer and Mixing Station software. Acoustic processing included stereo width modulation, micro-delays within the Haas-effect range (10–18 ms), subtle interaural time difference (ITD) and interaural level difference (ILD) adjustments, and controlled spatial cues. Overall system latency was approximately 0.8 ms. Speech samples were evaluated by two independent speech-language therapists (inter-rater reliability ICC = 0.89–0.92).

Results: Following the intervention, disfluencies decreased by approximately 59% (from 14.2% to 5.8% during reading; from 16.1% to 8.5% during spontaneous speech). Block duration decreased by more than 60% (from 1.46–1.62 s to 0.52–0.71 s). Estimated pre-post effect size (Cohen's d) was approximately 1.8. Qualitative improvements included smoother speech initiation, reduced visible struggle behavior, and improved conversational continuity.

Conclusions: Real-time spatial acoustic conditioning within a VAF framework may influence the perceptual organization of auditory feedback during speech and support temporal coordination in developmental stuttering, without requiring conscious behavioral compensation strategies. The findings are interpreted within current models of auditory-motor integration, predictive coding, and auditory scene analysis. Further controlled studies with larger samples, neurophysiological measurements, and long-term follow-up are warranted.

Keywords: developmental stuttering; auditory-motor integration; spatial hearing; virtual acoustic field; altered auditory feedback; sensorimotor timing; binaural processing; interaural time difference; Haas effect.

Title: Spatial Acoustic Conditioning within a Virtual Acoustic Field Framework in Developmental Stuttering: A Case Study with Review of Auditory-Motor Integration Mechanisms

Author: Mitsiou Nikolaos, Mevouliotis Ioannis, Vaitsis Nikolaos

International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing

ISSN 2394-7330

Vol. 13, Issue 2, May 2026 - August 2026

Page No: 28-37

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 26-May-2026

Abstract: Background: Prolonged use of digital devices is common among college students and has been associated with neck pain and forward head posture. However, the independent contribution of objectively measured screen time and craniovertebral angle (CVA) to neck disability remains unclear. Aim: To investigate the relationships between screen time, forward head posture, neck pain intensity, and neck disability among health college students at Buraydah Private Colleges, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross‑sectional study was conducted on 213 undergraduate students (nursing and physical therapy). Screen time was extracted from Digital Well‑being/Screen Time features. Forward head posture was quantified by measuring the CVA using a universal goniometer. Neck pain intensity was recorded with a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and neck disability with the Neck Disability Index (NDI). Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated from measured height and weight. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi‑square tests, Pearson correlations, and multiple linear regression. Results: Mild to moderate neck disability was present in 24.4% of participants (10.8% mild, 13.6% moderate). More than half (54.5%) used screens for ≥8 hours/day, and 55% exhibited CVA ≤ 50° (forward head posture). Bivariate analyses showed significant associations between neck disability and age, specialty, BMI, and screen time (p < 0.05). No significant association was found between CVA and NDI (p = 0.073). Correlations among screen time, CVA, and VAS were weak and non‑significant. Multiple linear regression revealed that none of the variables independently predicted neck disability (R² = 0.034, p = 0.287). Conclusion: Neck disability among health students is multifactorial, with no single dominant predictor. High screen time and forward head posture are common but do not independently cause disability in isolation. Holistic interventions addressing ergonomics, physical activity, and psychosocial factors are recommended.

Keywords: Neck disability; screen time; forward head posture; craniovertebral angle; college students; Digital Well‑being Neck Disability Index.

Title: Scrolling into Disability: The Effect of Screen Time and Posture Habits in Neck Disability among Colleges Students

Author: Mohamed Mohamed Mashaly, Khaled Mohamed Alinze, Islam H. Fayed

International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing

ISSN 2394-7330

Vol. 13, Issue 2, May 2026 - August 2026

Page No: 1-14

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 19-May-2026

Abstract: Public health financing in developing countries most especially in Nigeria often hindered by inadequate budgetary allocation and high out-of-pocket expenses incurred by citizens, leading to high inflation rates of medical expenses surging instantaneously, thus, erodes the purchasing power of households and public health budgets which in turn affecting sustainable economic growth. Given the above, the broad objective of this study is to examine the impact of public health financing and inflation rate on sustainable economic growth in Nigeria, while specific objectives are to investigate the nature of relationship among public health financing, inflation rate and sustainable economic growth in Nigeria. The data for the study were analyzed using unit root test, co-integration test, Auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach as estimation techniques. Result from the study showed that high sustained inflation exhibit a negative impact on GDPgr in the long run by reducing purchasing power and investment. Again, in the short and long runs, high poverty rate consistently correlate with lower GDP growth rate. In addition, In the long run analysis, public health expenditure exhibit a positive and significant effect on economic development, but in the short run, an inverse insignificant relationship exist as government expenditures take time to translate into productivity gains. Population growth rate showed a positive impact on economic progress in the short run but as population increases, it leads to a long-term decline in the annual GDP growth rate as a result slow grow of economy. Finally, result further indicates that domestic general government health expenditure have a positive long run relationship with GDP growth rate by enhancing workers’ productivity in the country. Based on the findings, the study therefore recommends that government needs to raise health sector spending beyond current levels to meet, or exceed the 2001 Abuja Declaration standards. In a bid to control rising inflation of medical facilities, aggressive and pragmatic monetary policies are necessary to manage and reduce its adverse impact on economic growth. Government should also strengthen the health sector management and monitoring of health expenditure to ensure that funds translate to better health outcomes, rather than being lost to funds mismanagement or inefficiency.

Keywords: Sustainable economic growth, Public health financing, Inflation rate, ARDL.

Title: Sustainable Economic Growth in Nigeria: Implications for Public Health Financing and Inflation Rate

Author: Ilori, Isaac Aduralere, Awe, Folahan Deborah

International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing

ISSN 2394-7330

Vol. 13, Issue 2, May 2026 - August 2026

Page No: 15-27

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 21-May-2026