Abstract: The study focused on the analysis of value chain- Addition of freshwater fisheries in Kano State, Nigeria. The socio-economic characteristics of the stake holders along the fisheries enterprises and the marketing channel of fresh and smoked fish in the study area were determined Gross margin analysis to assess the profitability of the business was also determined. The constraints were also described and the factors that influence consumer preferences in the study area were identified. Primary data were collected using questionnaire. A total of 30 fishermen, 30 processors and 20 consumers; were interviewed. Descriptive statistics gross margin were used to analyze the data collected. Fishing was found to be male dominated (52.3%), while processing was found to be female dominated (47.5%). The constraints of the fishermen were dwindling of the dam, high cost of fishing goes, deformation and inadequate capital. The processors have been constrained, inadequate credit facility, inadequate processing facilities and poor sale and bad roads. Other constraints experienced by consumers include high cost of fish, fish fin problems, deterioration of fish and poor sanitary condition. In conclusion, profitability was ascertained too well for both fishermen and processors. Therefore Government should provide loan scheme for the proper increase and boasting of fisher men and processors activities.

Abstract: This paper is to consider the context of the destabilised equity charter for power shifts and rotation in Imo State of Nigeria since its creation and especially since 1979 when democracy began in Imo as a political entity. The paper will attempt to reflect on the history of power-sharing in democratic Imo, the breaches that came along the way but with the vision of restoring the pre-existing charter.. The issues to be considered are: Imo as a political entity, brief history of power-sharing in democratic Imo, equity charter and trivialization of inter-zonal histories, godfatherism and elitist materialism, equity as an objective and realistic concept, the necessity of restoring the pre-existing charter of equity and the need for a rotation of  governorship in Imo State.

Abstract: The study explored examination malpractice in Nigerian institutions of higher learning using Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki as a study area. A cross-sectional research design was adopted in this study. Cluster sampling technique was used to cover a population of 250 final year students, who responded to a 30-item structured questionnaire. The data extracted from the questionnaires were analysed using Likert Scale formula. Three objectives were formulated to guide the study. The study revealed, among others, that lack of modern learning-teaching resources, undue emphasis on paper qualifications, overcrowded examination halls, loose invigilation, and ill-preparation of students induce examination malpractice in Ebonyi State University. This criminal act manifests in various forms such as smuggling of illicit materials relating to the course to be taken into the examination hall, widespread copying from one another during examination, plagiarism as regards Project work, the use of mobile phones and other electronic devices during examination. Examination malpractice has numerous adverse effects on cheats, school system and the larger society. The study recommended that both the public and private organisations in Nigeria should not depend solely on excellent paper qualifications in assessing potential employees in the labour market; the education sector should be properly equipped, motivated and duly considered in the national development plans to avoid incessant strikes witness in the system; and the school premises in every University in Nigeria should be made conducive and to reflect human dignity in all aspects: comfortable accommodation, sports and recreational facilities, ideal libraries, and other state-of-the-art accoutrements as recommended by the National Universities Commission (NUC). 

Abstract: River Basin Development Authorities is developed to encourage agriculture through irrigation in Nigeriastochastic frontier approach was used to analyzed efficiency of smallholder rice farmers. Inefficiency model was used to analyse factors underlying efficiencies differentials among the sampled households. Results revealed average technical, allocative and economic efficiency levels of 65.5, 59.4 and 53.3, respectively. Hence farmers in the irrigation schemes have a rice yield potential of 35.4% to be exploited and can raise their profitability or rice production by 47.2% by adjusting input use. Soil fertility status, access to credit, household size and farmer experience were the factors that influenced the efficiency levels. It is recommended that for improved efficiency levels there is need for better policies and strategies for good soil fertility management options andthose that will reduce farmer’s non-access to credit and ensuring that it is accessed at the right time.

Abstract: Economic growth, economic development and financial stability constitute the major preoccupation of states’ authorities, be it in the developed or developing countries. The attainment of such objectives greatly depends on the available material and fiancial resources. Even when such resources do exist, the problematic of their effective and judicious utilization for the enhancement of development surfaces. This is because of the perpetual crisis of public spending characterized by acts of mismanagement, corruption and the embezzlement of such funds by those charged with its managent. This fruther justifies the putting in place of control mechanisms to pre-empt and sanction such acts. As an aspect of this control mechanisms, the control of the regularity of public spending stands out very clearly. It is a control mechanism that has witnessed enormous reforms, the most recent haven been influenced by the concept of the new financial governance. These reforms are all geared towards the proper and effective utilization of public spending. This article therefore seeks to expose the technics inherent to the control of the regularity of public spending and how it has been influenced by the new financial governance exigencies within the context of cameroon.

Abstract: The studyaims to investigate, compare the relationship between the individual psychological characteristics of the teachers of public colleges and universities in the engagement of their work in creating effective quality training to meet the needs of social and economic integration international. Method using UWES (The Utrecht Work Engagement Scale). The relationship between individual psychology characteristics of teachers and variables of work engagement is very meaningful for effective teaching and training quality. Analysis of variance further found that the significant variance between individual teacher’s psychology characteristics and dimensions as vigor, dedication and absorption of work engagement.

Abstract: This paper is part of a broad study that looked at the impact of hearing loss on literacy skills development. This paper explores the teaching strategies and technological tools that enhance literacy development among learners with hearing impairments. The study employed mixed methods where both qualitative and quantitative techniques were used. However, the case study design largely underpinned the study.  The representative sample was composed of five educators (two teachers and three administrators) and 10 parents who were conveniently selected. Questionnaires, interviews and observation were the data gathering tools used. The results showed that despite the availability of a school library to provide print-rich materials needed to support literacy development there was no technology in form of computers that were used to enhance literacy development. There were no specific teaching strategies in place for the enhancement of literacy development. It was recommended that educators must be provided with solid training in Special Needs Education, at both pre-service and in-service levels. It was also recommended that that written language be used to communicate with deaf learners within the family setting and classroom.

Abstract: Integral mission, also referred to as Christian, holistic or transformation mission/development, is a dynamic, multifaceted approach to evangelism and development. In the Christian context, integral mission is used to describe church’s mission to meet people’s needs in a multidimensional way. Integral mission proposes that man is a whole person with holistic needs and meeting either need without taking care of needs in others spheres does not cater for the whole person. Models of integral mission take various approaches including evangelism (spiritual well-being), demonstration (political, economic and psycho-social well-being only), evangelism and demonstration (spiritual, economic, psycho-social and political parallel), and evangelism and demonstration (combined or integrated). Integral mission is conceptualized, embedded and actualized through Micah’s call and challenge.  Micah’s challenge is based on what the Lord requires of Christians who is to do justice, to love kindness, and to walk humbly with God. This article generates an overview of integral mission, four of its models and its role in development, and some of the challenges/shortcomings that come with implementation of each of the models. It can be concluded from the discussions and observations in this paper that integral mission, irrespective of the approach takes, is based on meeting man’s physical, social, emotional, spiritual, economic and political needs.

Abstract: In the 21st century youth unemployment seem to continues to be a global phenomenon affecting the youth in various continents and more specifically in Africa. Youth inability to engage in helpful development processes encourages them to get into vices such as crime that include violent crimes and prostitution. This paper focuses specifically on the youth established micro-enterprises that the youth are seemingly engaging in. This paper is thus aimed to establish the factors contributing to the establishment of the micro-enterprises among the youth especially those drawn from Kapseret Constituency. More specifically, the  study sought to: to establish the socio-demographic characteristics of the youth engaging in micro enterprises, to establish the social factors influencing the establishment of the micro-enterprises, to establish the cultural factors influencing the establishment of the micro-enterprises and finally to identify the economic factors leading to the establishment of the micro-enterprises. A descriptive research design was used in this paper. Data was collected using interview schedules and self-administered questionnaires thus they were administered to the selected youth found in selected parts of the Kapseret Constituency. Purposive technique was used in the specific youth of aged bracket 18 year to 35 years. Further, snow ball sampling was used in targeting the youth who were far from reach. The sample size used was 80 drawn from each of the five selected areas in Kapseret Constituency hence provided 20 respondents from both genders for the research. The salient findings of the study are that most of the youth who had finished their high school education had decided to engage in the micro-enterprises. The study also observed that although the most of youth had engaged in entrepreneurship, they felt that they required all the stakeholders to fully train them and equip them with more skills.  The study also observed unemployment factors and the inability to engage in formal employment due to lack of completion of the formal education encouraged the youth to be involved largely by joining the micro-enterprises. Furthermore, it was still perceived that the social, cultural and economic factors had a great influence on the participation of the youth towards the establishment of the micro-enterprises as discussed in the study. It is, therefore, the recommendation of this paper that efforts should be made for the youth to be fully engaged in other forms of entrepreneurial activities so as to tap the gains of the other entrepreneurial activities in order to develop themselves. Furthermore, encouraged family support towards youth participation in the small scale enterprises should be enhanced. Lastly, there should be empowering of women towards full participation in the micro-enterprises for economic stability.