Abstract:The paper seeks to establish when corporate bodies could be criminally liable for the manufacturing of defective products or for the supply of poor quality services to consumers in Cameroon. To achieve this, Cameroon in the area of product liability has made conscious efforts through legislation to show when a corporation could be criminally liable for any defective goods and poor quality services put onto the market. The liability is guaranteed by the 2011 Cameroonian Consumer Protection Law and the Penal Code, all of which have expressly provided penal provisions against anyone that intentionally supplies defective goods or poor quality services injurious to the plaintiff’s health or property. The relevant provisions of the law examined were sections 32, 33, 35 and 36 of the 2011 Consumer Protection Law as well as Articles 74, 258, 279, 280 and 281 of the Penal Code. These provisions revealed that corporate criminal responsibility is in two ways, that is, imposition of fine and punishment with imprisonment. In the first place, since a company cannot be put behind bars for adulterating its products, the most convenient direct penalty is fine. With the second class of penalty being imprisonment, since Salomon v. Salomon, it has been understood that a company upon incorporation acquires an identity distinct and separate from that of its shareholders, with separate rights and liabilities and being a fictitious person, a corporation works through its agents in the real world. As such any action in excess of what is provided in the objects clause amounts to an ultra vires act for which the agents or managers will be liable. The punishment preferable here is imprisonment of the directors because no memorandum of association can lawfully authorize a company to commit a crime. For all this to be possible, the constituent elements of mens rea and actus reus were examined while suggestions for reform were made.
Keywords:Cameroonian Consumer Protection Law, corporate bodies, poor quality services.

Abstract:There are various forms of requests made by different classes of people including children, adults, literate, illiterate, workers, and non-workers. This study looked at the different forms of formulation of requests by the fisherfolk of Accra. The study was a community-based and descriptive survey and the design used was qualitative. The study covered four urban communities Teshie, Nungua, La, and Osu) and two rural communities Abokobi and Oyarifa) all in the Greater Accra Region. Thirty 30) people comprising 15 males and 15 females formed the study sample. The respondents were aged between 18-25 years. Most of the participants were either illiterate or semi-literate. They were purposively selected based on their ability to express themselves and make requests. Data was collected at the various work sites of the respondents and during their normal conversations using non-participant observation. The data was analysed using linguistic and thematic content analyses procedures. The result of the study showed that the Ga fisherfolk have their own way of formulating requests; and these mostly come with shouts and insults. Asides, they also have a rude way of formulating requests, though they know about hedges. The results also indicates that the fisherfolk men) from Nungua, Teshie and James Town spoke their requests differently from their women counterpart. 
Keywords:Requests formulation, Fisherfolk, Gas, Accra, Ghana.

Abstract:University students’ unrest is a common problem all over the world but it is more serious in the developing countries. Most Universities find it a perennial crisis. There is no documentation of comparative perceptions on the physical signs of onset of unrest. The study purposed to investigate these perceptions from different respondents on the basis of physical indicators of mental status of University students at the onset of unrest. It was a survey research design which used mixed research methods. Questionnaires and interview schedules were used for data collection. The research population comprised Security officers and secretaries working in sampled public Universities in Kenya in the year 2016. Simple random sampling was used which gave a total sample size of 145 which was obtained from a target population of 177. Quantitative data collected was analyzed descriptively into frequency counts, percentages, means and inferentially into independent sample t-test analysis and rank order correlation. The main physical indicators of mental status of unrest are: Yelling emotional expressions, violent tendencies, hostile attitude manifestations and anger gestures, but in slightly varied order among different respondents. Generally, for all the main physical indicators of mental status of university students’ at the onset of unrest, there is no statistically significant difference in influence of perceptions of security officers and secretaries on mental status of University students’ at onset of unrest. Therefore, all public universities should adopt the use of the invented mental status examination tool to detect the onset of unrest with the aim of forestalling the unrest.
Keywords:perennial crisis, University students’, physical indicators, mental status.

Abstract:The Banking sector is the cornerstone of a country’s economy. There is no debate in modern banking about the value of knowledge management as a business practice. Banks, insurance companies and all the other players in the competitive financial service sector have recognised that knowledge is power. Knowledge management is a key instrument for the bank in order to achieve its full possibility in the knowledge bank by mobilizing global knowledge all over the organisation in order to examine its impact on performance. This paper aims at measuring the level of knowledge management and awareness of the bank employees and also to find out the Knowledge management practice in the Banks as well as the knowledge management sharing (KMS) and to identify the challenges faced by the employees .The study is restricted to a random samples of public and private sector banks of Mangalore. The study includes primary data collection through visiting public and private sector Bank employees. And secondary data will be collected though different sources which provides relevant information. The research area taken for the study is Mangalore taluk. The study uses simple random sampling technique for the sample selection. Questioner will be prepared for the survey. The study gives suggestion based on the finding.
Keywords:Knowledge management, knowledge management practice, Bank employees, challenges.