Abstract: This paper explores death and burial rites among the Kipsigis community of Kenya vis-vis the understanding of the nature and impact of the covid 19 pandemic. The Kipsigis community is one of the eight sub-tribes of the Kalejin people who hail from the Rift Valley region of Kenya. According to Orchardson (1970), this community make is the largest among the Nilo Hamitic group in Kenya. With the invasion and colonization process, the Kipsigis cultural practices have undergone major transformation being influenced by not only western civilization but also cross community cultures. Christianity is one of the major external forces that have brought major transformation to this community in terms of their traditional worldview. However, the traditional values and practices like burial rites, which have since endured the scourge of modernism is an indication that traditional values still play an influence in the lives of this community. This is evident in  the manner in which they understood and reacted to the Covid 19 pandemic where despite the  Ministry of health guidelines a number of traditional practices contrary to the Ministry’s guidelines were done in some areas to send  off and counter the disease and this was done through certain traditional rites. Among the customs that has endured to our times despite the Christian influence, include burying the dead towards the sunset. No burial is to be effected before noon. This is because, the time from dawn is considered sacred and a sign of life and prosperity. All other Kipsigis ceremonies begin at dawn except those which pertain to death.

Keywords: Burial Ceremony, Kipsigis Community, Covid-19 Pandemic.

Title: The effects of Burial Ceremony in Kenya in the Period of Covid-19 Pandemic: A Case of the Kipsigis Community Bomet County

Author: KORIR, SIMION

ISSN 2394-9694

International Journal of Novel Research in Humanity and Social Sciences

Novelty Journals

Abstract: Due to the fact that supply chains function as a system or network, problems experienced in one part of the supply chain permeate through to the whole supply chain. This can lead to greater inefficiencies in the supply chain as a whole. The general objective of this research was to find out the effect inadequate management practices on the supply chain management efficiency at the pharmaceutical industry, case of Gasabo District, Kigali City. The specific objectives that guided the study included to determine the effect of price oriented approaches on the implementation of an efficient supply chain management; to determine the effect of political issues on the implementation of an efficient supply chain management and to determine the effect of lack of senior management commitment on the implementation of an efficient supply chain management. The researcher used a descriptive research design. The target population for this study includes 56, retail and wholesale pharmacies located in Gasabo District, Kigali City which was taken as the sample size for this research. Primary data was collected using structured questionnaire and then entered in to SPSS version 23 for analysis. The data analysis was done by help of frequency distribution tables, graphs, percentages, Pearson’s correlation and regression analysis. The results on objective one showed that 51.8% of the respondents agreed that they have knowledge about supply chain management while 46.4% strongly agreed. The results also showed that price oriented approaches have a strong negative and statistically significant correlation (r=-0.67, p=0.000)  with the efficient supply chain. The results on objective two showed that 82.1% of the respondents agreed and the remaining 17.9% strongly agreed that they had the knowledge about the effect of political issues on supply chain management, showing that all the respondents were in agreement. The correlation output between political issues and efficient supply chain showed that the political issues were found to have a negative and significant effect (r=-0.424, p=0.001)  on the implementation of an efficiency of the supply chain. 50% of the respondents agreed and 14.3% strongly agreed that the lack of decision making affect the supply chain. The correlation analysis using the Pearson’s coefficient of correlation showed that there is a negative and statistically significant effect (r=-0.692, p=0.000) between lack of senior management commitment and efficient supply chain among the pharmacies in Gasabo District. The combined effect of the three indicator variables showed that theR=0.777 with an R2=0.604 . This indicates that 60.4% of the changes in regard to efficiency of supply chain among the pharmacies is influenced by the combined effect of price oriented approaches, political issues and senior management commitment. Based on the findings of this research, the researcher recommends that the management in the pharmacies and other businesses should be able to show commitment to improving the supply chain.

Keywords: supply chain permeate, supply chains function, pharmaceutical industry, system or network, businesses.

Title: INADEQUATE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND THE EFFICIENCY OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT, AT THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY IN RWANDA: CASE OF GASABO DISTRICT, RWANDA

Author: ALAIN RICHARD SHIMAGIZWA, Dr. GAMARIEL MBONIMANA

ISSN 2394-9694

International Journal of Novel Research in Humanity and Social Sciences

Novelty Journals

Abstract: This research examined the influence of Community Mobilization on the Management of Development Projects in Rwanda because, it has been observed that often when project start, communities members are actively participating. However when the project phases out /ends, there is hardly any continuity of the project activities. This may be attributed to the fact that usually community members are not sufficiently empowered and fully engaged in every single activity of the project. The researcher intended to achieve this by use of three specific objectives namely; to establish the influence of Community participation in Planning on management of Citizen Voice & Action  Project; to examine the influence  of Community participation in Project Control on management of Citizen Voice & Action Project, and to assess the influence  Community participation in Project Implementation on management of Citizen Voice & Action  Project. The research was beneficial to the researcher, Citizen Voice & Action  Project and UOK. The researcher used descriptive design of study based on qualitative and quantitative approach in order to get better analysis of the study. The population size was 185 and sample of 115 respondents was taken. Both primary and secondary sources with their relevant tools, like questionnaire and documentary analysis was used in order to come up with required data. Data was processed by use of SPSS and analyzed by use of percentages, mean and standard deviation. The relationship between the variables was established by use of Pearson correlations module. In the findings it was established that Community Mobilization in development projects inform of Community Project planning, Community Project control and Community Project implementation contributes highly to on management Citizen Voice & Action  Project in form of physical growth of the children, emotional growth of the children, intellectual growth of the children and moral growth of the children. Table 4.16 gave the relationship between Community Mobilization and Management of Development Projects in Rwanda whereby the respondents  N is 115 and the significant level is 0.01, the results indicate that independent variable has positive high correlation to dependent variable equal to .781^** and the p-value is .000 which is less than 0.01. When p-value is less than significant level, therefore researchers conclude that variables are correlated and null hypothesis is rejected and remains with alternative hypothesis. This means that there is a significant relationship between Community Mobilization on the Management of Development Projects in Rwanda. We can therefore conclude Community Mobilization greatly contribute to positive Management of Development Projects in Rwanda.

Keywords: Community Mobilization, community members, Development Projects, Rwanda.

Title: INFLUENCE OF COMMUNITY MOBILIZATION ON PROJECT MANAGEMENT IN RWANDA: CASE OF CITIZEN VOICE & ACTION PROJECT IN NIBOYE, KICUKIRO DISTRICT, RWANDA

Author: SILAS RUDASINGWA, MBONIMANA GAMARIEL

ISSN 2394-9694

International Journal of Novel Research in Humanity and Social Sciences

Novelty Journals

Abstract: Code-mixing and code-switching allude to alternating between two or more languages. Any Kenyan student undergoing an 8-4-4 system of education attests to getting exposed to at least two languages—English and Kiswahili languages. While the English language is the primary language of instruction in Kenyan secondary schools, using the Kiswahili language between English-based lessons prevails. For Kenyans, the English language is best used where foreigners are involved, limiting using local languages to address. In that line, teachers and students often alternated between English and Kiswahili during learning to enhance clarity and participation. Because Kenyan parents want the best out of their children's education, any teacher who is strict about using the English language during instruction is regarded as role model teacher by both students and parents. In schools where alternating between English language and Kiswahili language permeated while learning the English language as a subject, students experienced limited exposure to linguistic repertoires in the English language. On the other hand, schools that primarily use English for instruction have their students advancing their vocabularies in the English language. That is why the paper examines the effects of code-mixing and code-switching on the study of the English language, a case for Homa- Bay County. In other words, the study evaluates influencers to language alternation, suppose code-mixing and code-switching contribute to students' failure or success, and remedy to the educational gap. A qualitative approach was utilized during data collection, analysis, and presentation. The researcher realized that code-mixing and code-switching directly influenced students' failure to pass the English language as a subject. Regardless, it also led to a lack of confidence during a conversation and retarded mastery of linguistic repertoires. It is therefore recommended that regular interventions such as internships and development programs for both teachers and students would enhance the English language study significantly. 

Keywords: Code-mixing, Code-Switching, English language, Kiswahili language, Language alternation.

Title: How Code Mixing and Code Switching Affect the Study of English Language

Author: Juma Elisha Odhiambo

ISSN 2394-9694

International Journal of Novel Research in Humanity and Social Sciences

Novelty Journals

Abstract: South Africa holds a great value known as home to the Cradle of Humankind. At the same time, it can be described as the World’s Fenestra holding a great philosophical virtue meaning anything from human freedom, truth revelation to simply meaning a perspective – a Window of the World.  This seemingly complicated exterior literally shaped in a very phenomenally simple but in an indigenous political mold, the differently originated personalities in the brand-wagon of the human icons, such as the Mahatma Gandhi & Nelson Mandela.

Not only in the frontier of nationhood ideals but also in the huge arena of realization of what really separates human populations / herds of same feather from one another or what really unites racially colored mega communities with each other or what really enables restoration of peaceful conditions for mankind’s safety, welfare and survival, that South Africa’s search engine mobilizes the mankind, indeed into South Africa, is the bone of contention in this research-activity.

This Paper is all set to show how the World cannot go on and on in the void of global footprints of the bygone human icons on the World Map. The World needs ‘be prepared every-way & ever-ready’ to rise to an unexpected and unforeseen second coming of geo-politically and racially-political ignited abnormal behavioral occasion in a sweeping-recurrence-tide such as the South Africa’s explosive legalized ‘Apartheid’ .

Keywords:  Apartheid, Engine, Fenestra, Footprints, Gandhi, Mandela, South Africa, Window.

Title: A NEW EXCLAMATION SOUTH AFRICA’S SEARCH ENGINE FOR MANKIND HUMAN ICONS GANDHI & MANDELA PAR EXCELLENCE RESEARCH

Author: Rojukurthi Sudhakar Rao

ISSN 2394-9694

International Journal of Novel Research in Humanity and Social Sciences

Novelty Journals

Abstract: In South Africa, Gandhi developed the so-called non-violent strategy, what he called Satyagraha. The Satyagraha created the global footprint of Gandhi from South Africa in particular and later, on the World in general during  struggles for Freedom and Independence inclusively against colonialsm. Far outside(s) of South Africa’s borders like India and elsewhere, different civilizations of socio-religious-racial-cultural codes/modes, must have never heard of Satyagraha to pro-activate themselves until the arrival of India-born Mahatma on the socio-legal-political-racial  scenario in South Africa .

Coined by self-conscious Gandhi, Satyagraha by the way facilitated South Africa to flourish as the matrix of Satyagraha or South Africa was the matrix for Gandhi’s Satyagraha. But, it is a geo-matrix without hesitancy distinguished from Study of Matrix or Matrices in symbols and /or numeical system as per Applied Science. Taking cue out of these interpretations, this Paper projects Satyagraha as Social Modeling Eigenvalue Matrix .

Re-searching Satyagraha as a social modelling in this 21^st century is not necessarily because it happened in the then South Africa on accouint of Mahatma Gandhi but because the Eigenvalues of Satyagraha afford the sea of humanity a right direction like torch-lights do in darkness, let alone the World’s archives that South Africa was the geo-matrix for Satyagraha. Societal explorations into Satyagraha as a possible social-modeling-eigenvalue-matrices or the best curve fitting such as the simplest straight line of linearity in geo-political and democratic streamlining is the crux of this piece of analogical research project self-directed.

Keywords: Colonialism, Eigenvalue, Mahatma, Matrix, Pro-activate, Satyagraha, South Africa, Streamlining.

Title: Mahatma Gandhi’s Satyagraha in South Africa: A Social Modeling Eigenvalue Matrix

Author: Rojukurthi Sudhakar Rao

ISSN 2394-9694

International Journal of Novel Research in Humanity and Social Sciences

Novelty Journals