Abstract:The general objective of this study was to establish the effects of interest capping on financial performance of commercial banks in Kericho County, Kenya. The specific objectives of the study were to determine the influence of short loan interest capping on financial performance of commercial banks in Kericho County, to investigate the effect of mortgage interest capping on financial performance of commercial banks in Kericho County, to determine the influence of deposit interest rate capping on financial performance of commercial banks in Kericho County and to establish the effect of fixed deposit interest capping on financial performance of commercial banks in Kericho County. The theoretical framework of the study consisted of interest rate parity theory, lien theory of mortgages, liquidity preference theory and loanable funds theory. This research adopted a quantitative cross-sectional survey research design aimed at collecting large number of qualitative and quantitative data at a point in time to address the formulated hypotheses. Stratified sampling technique was used to select sample size of 70 respondents from the target population of 86 respondents in commercial banks in Mombasa County, Kenya. Primary data was collected by use of self-administered structured questionnaires which was distributed through the drop and pick method. The secondary data collected was used to cross validate the primary data results. The collected data was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Descriptive and inferential statistics was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24 and specifically multiple regression model was used for hypotheses testing. Set of data was described using percentage, mean standard deviation and coefficient of variation and presented using tables, charts and graphs. The study revealed that interest capping had a statistically significant effect on financial performance of commercial banks in Kericho County. Short Loan Interest Capping had a statistically significant effect on financial performance of commercial banks in Kericho County. Mortgage Interest Capping had a statistically significant effect on financial performance of commercial banks in Kericho County. Deposit interest rate capping had a statistically significant effect financial performance of commercial banks in Kericho County. Fixed deposit interest capping had a statistically significant effect on financial performance of commercial banks in Kericho County. The study recommended that the regulator should be cautious on setting capping rates as it affects financial performance of banks.
Keywords:interest capping, financial performance, commercial banks.

Abstract:Recent global events concerning high-profile corporate failures such as Enron in the US have put back on the policy agenda and intensified debate on the efficacy of board composition as a means of increasing corporate financial performance. The main objective of the study was to establish the effect of corporate governance practices on financial performance of sugar industries in Western Kenya. Therefore a descriptive research design was used to study whether there is an effect of corporate governance practices spelled through board meetings on financial performance of firms listed in sugar industries in Western Kenya. The population of the study comprised of sugar manufacturing firms in Western Kenya and the sample size were 8 CEOs or relevant senior managers, 8 marketing managers, 8 production managers 8 finance managers and 8 human resource managers. Secondary financial data sources was used for the study, where annual financial reports of individual industry was used over the five year period where return on investment and return on asset was calculated and used as a measure of financial performance of these sugar industries. The findings showed that frequent board meetings influenced the financial performance of sugar industries of Western Kenya. It was also found that there was significant positive (n = 38; p< 0.05) relationship between board meetings, and financial performance of sugar industries in Western Kenya. The Kenya sugar board needs to strengthen the independence of board of directors by for example making it mandatory upon sugar industries to ensure that boards of directors have sizeable representation of outside directors, as is the practice in other countries, and since the evidence from this study suggest the need for this. The board needs to consist of well-educated and experienced professionals since they are actively involved in modeling the decisions of financial institutions. The study also recommends diversity of board in the firm’s management in order to boost firm’s financial performance. Since board diversity was found to have an influence on the financial performance, a diverse composition would likely bring out better financial performance due to different ideas that would be contributed by the board members and executives. The number of non-executive and independent directors needs to be selected with a lot care since they affect financial performance of sugar industry.

Abstract:The study focused on the determinants of implementation of Family strengthening project in Mnashaki, Mombasa County. The study was guided by four objectives: to determine the influence of professional competencies of County Children Officers and social service providers in the implementation of Family strengthening project, to assess how operational strategies influence the implementation of Family strengthening project, to examine the influence of the availability of resources in the implementation of Family strengthening project and to determine the influence of infrastructure in the implementation of Family strengthening project in Mnashaki, Mombasa County respectively. To gather information, summarise, present and to interpret, the study employed descriptive survey. The SPSS and N-vivo were employed to analyse the results. Data was analysed using questionnaire. Pilot study was conducted to ensure consistency in the findings before embarking on the research. The study adapted both quantitative and qualitative data analysis. Quantitative data was analysed by means of various statistics as well as measures of central tendency. Qualitative data was analysed using questionnaire which was transcribed and fed into the Nvivo(7), software programme. The findings were coded and tabulated. Descriptive statistics involving percentages and frequency distribution tables were used to present the findings. The findings are of significance to the stakeholders involved in the implementation of family strengthening project which include the social service providers, the Mombasa county authorities, and the targeted beneficiaries of the project in Mnashaki. Arising from the findings the study recommends amongst others that the ministry of culture and social services in conjunction with tertiary training institutions to ensure that more social service providers are professionally equipped with knowledge, skills and attitude so that they participate in supporting, solving family related problems particularly with regard to children’s rights, the National Government in conjunction with Mombasa County, should ensure equity of funds allocation to facilitate the implementation of Family strengthening project in Mnashaki, Mombasa County, Mombasa county should ensure that infrastructure is favourable to facilitate the reaching out of the targeted families so as to realize the International objectives of implementing family strengthening projects. 
Keywords:Family strengthening project, professional competencies, social service providers.
Title:DETERMINANTS OF EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF FAMILY STRENGTHENING PROJECTS IN MOMBASA COUNTY, KENYA
Author:EUNICE LILIAN OYOSI, DR. MOSES OTIENO, MR. JOHNBOSCO KISIMBII
ISSN 2394-9694
International Journal of Novel Research in Humanity and Social Sciences
Novelty Journals

Abstract:The study sought to determine the effect of occupational health and safety practices on building construction industry performance in Nakuru County, Kenya. The specifics objectives of the study were to establish the effect of Occupational health and Safety training on building construction industry performance, examine the role of emergency response planning building construction industry performance, establish the effect of occupational health hazard control mechanisms on building construction industry performance and determine the effect of workplace inspections on building construction industry performance in Nakuru County, in Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive research design and the target population was 521 managers of construction companies registered with National Construction Authority. The study applied a stratified random sampling technique to select 221 respondents as the sample size for the study. Questionnaires were used as the main data collection instruments and a pilot study was conducted to pretest questionnaires for reliability. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to analyze data. Study results were presented on tables, charts and graphs. The study findings showed that training; emergency response planning; occupational health hazard control mechanisms; and workplace inspections affected performance of building construction industry in Nakuru County, Kenya. The study concluded that training is the major factor that influences building construction industry performance, followed by occupational health hazard control mechanisms, then work place inspections and lastly emergency response planning. The study recommended that the management of construction firms should provide adequate training on OHS to the employee and continuously support OHS training practices; employ effective emergency detection measures to detect potential emergencies and should provide immediate actions to emergencies; design effective hazard control plans which should be flexible and regularly updated; workers should be involved in workplace inspection; inspection results should be  used to make workplace safer and conducive for workers  and the management should always consider workplace inspection as a major event that should help in identification and elimination of hazards at workplace.
Keywords:Accidents, Emergency Response Planning, Occupational Health Hazard Control Mechanisms, Occupational safety and health, Performance management, Risk assessment, Workplace Inspections.
Title:EFFECT OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY PRACTICES ON PERFORMANCE OF BUILDING CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN NAKURU COUNTY, KENYA
Author:EVANS ONDIMU OMWERI, DR. KEPHA OMBUI
ISSN 2394-9694
International Journal of Novel Research in Humanity and Social Sciences
Novelty Journals

Abstract:The general objective of this study was to establish the effects of financial innovation on financial performance of commercial banks in Mombasa County, Kenya. The specific objectives of the study were; to determine the effect of internet banking innovation on financial performance of commercial banks in Mombasa County, Kenya, to explore the effect of agency banking innovation on financial performance of commercial banks in Mombasa County, Kenya, to assess the effect of ATM Banking innovation on financial performance of commercial banks in Mombasa County, Kenya and to establish the effect of mobile banking innovation on financial performance of commercial banks in Mombasa County, Kenya. The theoretical framework of the study consisted of Diffusion of Innovations Theory, Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), Bank-Led Theory and Financial Intermediation Theory. This research adopted a cross-sectional survey research design aimed at collecting large number of qualitative and quantitative data at a point in time to address the formulated hypotheses. Stratified sampling technique was used to select sample size of 153 respondents from the target population of 248 respondents in commercial banks in Mombasa County, Kenya. Primary data was collected by use of self-administered structured questionnaires which was distributed through the drop and pick method. The secondary data collected was used to cross validate the primary data results. The collected data was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Descriptive and inferential statistics was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24 and specifically multiple regression model was used for hypotheses testing. Set of data was described using percentage, mean standard deviation and coefficient of variation and presented using tables, charts and graphs. The study revealed that financial innovations had a statistically significant effect on financial performance of commercial banks in Mombasa County. Internet Banking Innovation had a statistically significant effect on financial performance of commercial banks in Mombasa County. Agency Banking Innovation had a statistically significant effect on financial performance of commercial banks in Mombasa County. ATM Banking Innovation had a statistically significant effect financial performance of commercial banks in Mombasa County. Mobile Banking Innovation had a statistically significant effect on financial performance of commercial banks in Mombasa County. The study recommended that managers in commercial banks should adopt financial innovations so as to boost their financial performance.

Abstract:The general objective of the study was to investigate the effect of macroeconomic variables on financial performance of tea buying firms in Mombasa Tea Auction. The specific objectives of the study were: to establish the effect of tea valuation pricing on financial performance of tea buying firms in Mombasa Tea Auction; to examine the effect of exchange rate on financial performance of tea buying firms in Mombasa Tea Auction; to assess the effect of bank interest rate on financial performance of tea buying firms in Mombasa Tea Auction and to find out the effect of inflation rate on financial performance of tea buying firms in Mombasa Tea Auction. The theoretical framework of the study consisted of Market Segmentation Theory, Fisher’s Hypothesis Theory, Theory of Exchange Rate and The Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT). This research adopted a cross-sectional survey research design aimed at collecting large number of qualitative and quantitative data at a point in time to address the formulated hypotheses. Census technique was used to select sample size of 120 respondents from the target population of 120 respondents in tea buying firms in Mombasa Tea Auction. Primary data was collected by use of self-administered structured questionnaires which was distributed through the drop and pick method. The secondary data collected was used to cross validate the primary data results. The collected data was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Descriptive and inferential statistics was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24 and specifically multiple regression model was used for hypotheses testing. Set of data was described using percentage, mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation and presented using tables. The study revealed that macro-economic variables had a statistically significant effect on financial performance of tea buying firms in Mombasa Tea Auction. Tea Valuation Pricing had a statistically significant effect on financial performance of tea buying firms in Mombasa Tea Auction. Exchange Rate had a statistically significant effect on financial performance of tea buying firms in Mombasa Tea Auction. Bank Interest Rate had a statistically significant effect on financial performance of tea buying firms in Mombasa Tea Auction. Inflation Rate had a statistically significant effect on financial performance of tea buying firms in Mombasa Tea Auction. The study recommended that the Kenyan Government should enact favorable policies to keep the checks and balances on tea valuation pricing, exchange rate, bank interest rate and inflation rate so as to cushion the tea subsector industry and enhance financial performance of the tea buying firms in Mombasa Tea Auction.

Abstract:The Purpose of this study was to find out whether implementation of ISO 9001:2008 certification helps to improve service delivery in Kenyan Public Universities and especially in Kisii University. ISO standards can by their nature be used by any organization regardless of their size, purpose of location and are voluntary. The study was guided by the following four objectives; To determine the influence of customer focus on service delivery in Kisii University, To assess the influence of Leadership on service delivery in Kisii University, To establish the influence of continuous improvement on service delivery in Kisii University and finally to find out the influence of involvement of people on service delivery in Kisii University. The study reviewed literature based on ISO Certification and service delivery, empirical review on past studies, theoretical framework and conceptual framework. The literature was supported by Deming’s theory and institutional theory. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The target population was 1261 academic and non-academic staff consisting of Heads of Departments, Deans of faculties, Chairs of Departments (CODs), Lectures and Administrative Assistants and 21 student leaders from Kisii University main campus. Stratified sampling technique was used to select 303 respondents from the target population and then random sampling was used to select respondents in each department. Questionnaires were used to obtain primary data from the sample population. After data collection data was screened, sorted and coded by use of SPSS. The findings of the study concluded that customer focus has a positive influence on improved service delivery at Kisii University, β1 = 0.449, p < 0.001. The findings have also revealed that leadership has a positive influence on improved service delivery, β2 = 0.123, p < 0.05. In addition, continuous improvement has a positive influence on improved service delivery, β3 = 0.213, p < 0.001. Finally, involvement of people has a positive influence on improved service delivery at Kisii University, β4 = 0.181, p <0.01. These findings will be beneficial to universities and statutory bodies. Finally, there is a need to put up suggestion boxes at the departments to encourage input from staff and clients for improved service delivery. In addition, to enhance the positive impact of leadership, there is need to review the policies and procedures of communication within the institution. The study also recommends need for full commitment of the top management in the implementation of ISO especially through setting aside necessary resources towards its implementation. In order to enable continuous improvement in the university, there is need to realize the importance of documentation of procedures.
Keywords:Service Delivery in Kenya’s Public Universities, Implementation of ISO 9001:2008 Certification.

Abstract:A country’s economic development is closely related to the levels of achievement in education, health and transport. In as much as economic infrastructure has an important role in economic development, the improvement of social infrastructure is vital for economic progress. The study aims at determining the effect of social infrastructure on sustainable of Somalia. The study was guided by the following objectives, to determine the role of education infrastructure in sustainable development of Mogadishu, Somalia, to examine the role of health care infrastructure in sustainable development of Mogadishu, Somalia, to find out the role of transport infrastructure in sustainable development of Mogadishu, Somalia, to investigate the effect of security infrastructure in sustainable development of Mogadishu, Somalia. The researcher will use a survey design method for the study. Survey design is a design in which data is collected using questionnaires. The target population of this study was 400 members from the government, and business community and a sample of 204 respondents was selected using simple sample random sampling. The study used structured questionnaires to collect data which was coded and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science. The study used mean and standard deviation analysis for descriptive statistics while correlation and regression analysis was used for inferential statistics. The results revealed that, education curriculum, education infrastructure, human capital development, education sustainable have positive significant correlation on social stability. The study concluded that all four variables contributes significantly to the promotion of social stability in the region and government to invest more resources to expand them. The study recommends that county government should look for other sources of revenue to support their development needs education in the county.

Abstract:The general objective of this study was to assess the factors affecting participation of the girl child in education in Mogadishu, Somalia. The specific objectives of the study were; to find out the effect of early marriage on girl child education participation in Mogadishu, Somalia, to investigate the effect of early pregnancy on girl child education participation in Mogadishu, Somalia, to determine the effect of socio-economic factors on girl child education participation in Mogadishu, Somalia and to examine the effect of socio-cultural factors on girl child education participation in Mogadishu, Somalia. The theoretical framework of the study consisted of economic modernity theory, cultural modernity theory, maturational theory, behaviorist theory and historical legacies theory. This research adopted a quantitative correlation research design to address the formulated hypotheses. Descriptive survey method was used to select 95 respondents from the target population of 124 respondents in Somalia. Primary data was collected by use of self-administered structured questionnaires which was distributed through the drop and pick method. Data analysis was by descriptive statistics and inferential statistics using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.The Pearson’s product moment correlation analysis and standard multiple regression analysis was used for hypotheses testing. The data was presented by the use of tables, and figures for the purpose of giving a pictorial view of the results. From the study data analysis and interpretations, the following summary, conclusions and recommendations were drawn; early marriage, early pregnancy, adolescent fertility rate and nutrition information   were found to have a big effect on girl child education participation. The study found out that there was a statistically significant effect of the four variables i.e. early marriage, early pregnancy, and adolescent fertility rate and nutrition information on girl child education participation. The study therefore concluded that girl child education participation is affected by early marriage, early pregnancy, and adolescent fertility rate and nutrition information. A recommendation was made to the effect that the various organizations should deploy measure to curb early marriage, early pregnancy, and adolescent fertility rate and nutrition information if girl child education participation is to be enhanced.

Abstract:English as a subject is essential in a school set up. It holds a strategic position within the school system due to the fact that nearly all the examinations are set in English and it is used as a medium of instruction right from Standard Four. However, learners’ achievement in this subject in school is too low. Therefore, the aim of the study will be to investigate if instructional materials have an impact on English performance. Firstly, there is a background showing that instructional materials have an impact on achievement, but the impact of these factors in rural regions is still unknown. The statement of the problem that justified the study is that local means scores have persistently fallen below the national mean scores and therefore there is need to discover the reasons behind the declining performance trend in the last three years. The Communicative Language Theory that explains the techniques or goals in language teaching and learning guided the study. The descriptive survey design was used. Questionnaires were administered to the sampled respondents. The information gathered was then presented in frequency distribution tables and analyzed through the use of descriptive statistics. The findings were that, there were inadequate instructional resources which contributed to the poor performance in English. The researcher recommends the government, school administration and parents should provide adequate instructional resources for these learners. The outcomes of the study will be helpful to parents, students, and teachers to realize desirable performance outcomes.
Keywords:Achievement - Something done successfully with effort, skill and courage.
Correlation - Reciprocal relationship between two or more things.
Instruction - Transfer of learning from one person to another or party.
Knowledge - Facts, information, skills, acquired through experience or education.
Policy - A principle of action adopted or proposed by an organization.
Profession - A paid occupation, especially one involving training or formal qualification.
Title:TO INVESTIGATE IF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS HAVE AN IMPACT ON ENGLISH PERFORMANCE

Abstract:The purpose of this paper was to analyze linguistically the distinctive properties of Education News headlines, Education News is a bi-weekly newspaper that provides a comprehensive coverage of education matters in the county. It sets to investigate how journalists and editors package and craft their headlines by manipulating language and visual images to attract the readers. The properties that foreground the headlines are analyzed linguistically. The study falls under the qualitative research approach where text analysis method and qualitative phenomenology research designs were intergrated and used concurrently. Analytical research design was employed in the study where facts and available information were analyzed to make a critical evaluation of the material. Text analysis and informant interviews were the tools used to obtain data of which secondary data based an extensive library research and sampled headline were studied over a period of six months. The data analysis was based on the relevance theory. It was concluded that there are distinct properties which are only particular to headlines which the editors must pay attention to and take into consideration while crafting headlines in order to achieve relevance optimization. News editors, journalists and newspaper readers will greatly benefit from the findings of this study as well as the academic contribution it makes to the other fields such as pragmatics, sociolinguistics and Discourse analysis.
Keywords:Distinctive properties, Education News. Linguistics, Headlines, relevance optimization.

Abstract:Generations born before the 1920^th in the Greater Antilles never referred to themselves as taino or taino native descendants, that was a subject limited to a handful of Caribbean researchers but, nearly exclusively in the hands of foreign scholars. The controversies surrounding the origin of the illusory taino term christened by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque Schmaltz (Turkey 1783 - USA 1840) in 1836 predominates in our examined geography of, Bahamas, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti and Puerto Rico yet, it is widespread worldwide. Nonetheless, Rafinesque and his 19^th century advocates are fundamentally unknown by the people who write and live by the modern taino fixation. The first taino maturation phase extended from 1836 to 1900 entering in a second explosive stage between 1901 and 1955, when in just over fifty years by 1955 the intense academic movement of the taino fixation achieved a resounding success, so much, that generations born in the Caribbean after the 1950^th do think that this taino incarnation was a race, was a language, a native tribe and is a biological ancestor. The third phase from 1956 to the present, has seen a massive taino fixation and standardization. The scholarly move to impose-legitimize is relentless. Prestigious international institutions have invested substantial financial and human resources sponsoring research, exploration and collection gathering of Caribbean native artifacts indirectly sanctioning the proliferation and standardization of a non-existing tainan culture: successfully.

Abstract:All organizations operate with and through effective provision and utilization of resources- human, financial and material. Human resources are the most paramount as they integrate all the other resources into a working mechanism for the achievement of the objective of an organization. This paper addresses the development and the utilization of resources in the educational sector. It discusses human resources in education, their development, motivation and the utilization intent to achieve requisite edcational objectives. It then draws conclusion on the significance and proper adherence to competence and professionalism for the attainment of educational and other organizational objectives.
Keywords:Human Resources, Development, Utilization.
Title:HUMAN RESOURCES IN EDUCATION: DEVELOPMENT AND UTILIZATION
Author:CHINWE EDITH OKAFOR
ISSN 2394-9694
International Journal of Novel Research in Humanity and Social Sciences
Novelty Journals

Abstract: Mathematics is of central importance to modern society, because it provides the vital underpinning of the knowledge economy. Despite the important role that mathematics plays in society however, students continue to perform poorly in mathematics in national examinations. The current study assessed the influence of student’s attitude on performance in mathematics among learners in public secondary schools in Kilifi sub-county. The study targeted mathematics heads of department, mathematics teachers and Form 3 students from all the public secondary schools in Kilifi Sub-county. Multistage sampling was used to come up with a sample of 156 respondents comprising 12 mathematics heads of department, 24 mathematics teachers and 120 students. Questionnaires were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics comprising frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviation were used to organize findings. Chi-square tests and correlation analysis was used to establish relationships. SPSS was used to aid in data analysis. Majority (68%) of the teachers in the study disagreed that students generally like Mathematics and believe they will get good grades. Majority (68%) of the students in the study agreed that mathematics is too complex and it is difficult for them to pass. Majority (67%) of the heads of departments indicated that students have a negative attitude towards mathematics. There was a statistically significant relationship (p=0.00) between students’ attitude towards mathematics and performance in public secondary schools in Kilifi sub-county. The study concludes that students’ attitude influences performance in mathematics among learners in public secondary schools in Kilifi sub-county. Specifically, students hold poor perceptions towards the subject and this negatively affects their performance in mathematics. The study recommends that public secondary schools in Kilifi sub-county should hire motivational speakers in order to change their bad perception of mathematics. Benchmarking with schools performing well in mathematics should also be done where students can visit and learn.

Abstract:Project Sustainability is a desire of every community, private agency or Government as a means of ensuring that positive gains are delivered to the target communities in long term. This phenomenon was brought to focus in this study based on water projects that aim at improving the quality of life of community water users. The implementation of such projects is always easier but their sustainability possesses a challenge. The purpose of this study was determinants of the sustainability of Aphia Plus water projects in Public Primary Schools, in Manga Sub-county. The study sought to answer the following specific objectives : to assess the influence of training  in public primary schools, to determine the influence of technology   used in extraction of water in public  primary schools  and to determine the influence  of capital contribution has on the sustainability  of Aphia Plus water in  Public primary schools. The study adopted a descriptive research. The study was based on Public Primary schools in Manga Sub County. The target population was 200 teachers and pupils from all Public Primary schools in Manga Sub County. The sample size of the study was 60 respondents using simple random sampling technique. The primary data was edited, coded and descriptively analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and presented in as percentages and frequency tables. The study established that sustainability of various types of water supply infrastructure is dependent upon the degree to which the technologyused  corresponds  to  the  needs  of  the  local  community  and  the community’s ability to maintain and repair it over time. Considering the non-functional state of most manual hand pumps in the county, it is apparent that efforts need to be made to ameliorate the situation.  The study established that solar system is one of the technology used in extraction sustainability of water in public primary schools. The study determined that the factors responsible for the non-functioning of boreholes range from extreme low yields, inability to raise funds to acquire spare parts, to lack of access to spare parts. To sustain access to potable water, access to spare parts needs to be improved. The study established that in rural community water supply, most national policies require a capital contribution from the users, either in-kind labor and local materials or, if in cash, in the region of five percent of the capital cost. This is rarely recovered however, and so improved services are by default a gift albeit often with some community participation in construction from the government or NGO to the community. The study recommended that Community training and education on technology used must be done for any Alphia plus water project if it is to be sustainable. These trainings need to be frequent and an analysis on the education level of the  schools should first be made in order to establish the most suitable language mode of training to use so as to assure effective transfer of knowledge from the trainer to the trainee. The study established that Project sustainability is of paramount importance for any project and especially for Alphia Plus water project and for that matter, schools should be made aware of the need of water projects to serve not only their pupils but also future generations, hence take the necessary measures to ensure this. Thestudy established that project location is equally important and schools should be involved in identification of the site for the project in order to encourage ownership in terms of protection and cleanliness of the site.
Keywords:Determinants of the Sustainability of Alphia Plus Water Projects in Public Primary Schools.

Abstract:The focus of this study was to investigate those that determine the factors determining the successful implementation of infrastructure projects in Kenya, with a special reference to LAPSSET project, in Lamu Port. Infrastructure projects like ports, roads and bridges are critical to success of any developed or developing economy. Hence, this study was guided by four objectives: to examine the influence of reach assessment in the successful implementation of infrastructure projects in Kenya; to assess the influence of environmental factors on the successful implementation of infrastructure projects in Kenya; to determine implementation of infrastructure projects in Kenya; to determine (include the four objectives). The study reviewed literature based on the four themes of the study variables and various gaps well identified that this study addressed, this study was guided my three theories; the social dialectical theory, resource-based theory and the principal-agent theory. The study adopted descriptive research design to collect research data; it involved various stakeholders in the infrastructure development sector and more specifically to the port sector. These included the County Leadership, Ministry of Transport, Treasury, LAPSSET Officials, residents and the project affected people. The target population was 285 and a sample size of 75 was picked which attracted 100% response amazingly. Stratified Random Sampling Procedure was employed and use of survey questionnaire was employed as the main data collection instrument. Validity and reliability were checked and ascertained. The specific objectives of the study were to examine four critical factors which influence the successful implementation of the infrastructure projects. The independent variables were needs assessment, environmental issues, public participation and project financing. The dependent variable was the successful implementation of infrastructure projects in Kenya. The study found out that 81% of the population was of the opinion that need assessment affects the successful implementation of infrastructure projects. 71% of the population agrees that public participation influences the project’s success while almost 50% of the population believes environmental issues have influence to the project’s success. With project financing, almost 100% of the population opined that this is a critical factor in the success of infrastructure projects. The research concluded that these four variables are very important determinants in the successful implementation of infrastructure infrastructural projects in Kenya. The research concluded that need assessment, environmental issues, public participation and project financing are very important determinants in the successful implementation of infrastructure projects in Kenya.

Abstract:Rabies is a dangerous disease that increases from year to year. various efforts made by the government have not been able to break the chain of the spread of rabies virus. This study aims to create a strategy by empowering the community based adat institutions in the effort to prevent rabies virus in the village of PakramanDemayu. This study used a qualitative approach using SWOT analysis and supported by quantitative data in viewing attitudes, behavior, and knowledge of the community described descriptively. The instrument used there are 3, namely attitude questionnaire, behavior, and knowledge. The sample of this study amounted to 83 people selected by proportional random sampling technique. The results showed that attitude, behavior, and knowledge of the people of DesaPakramanDemayu on average quite good. Based on the result of respondent analysis on SWOT questionnaire, alternative strategy formula that can be recommended is Strength -Opportunity Strategy (SO), which is a strategy using force to exploit opportunities with alternative strategy that is optimizing existing resources, improving the implementation of awig-awig (pararem ) pakraman village in the prevention of rabies disease, strengthening the participation of indigenous peoples in the health sector and determining priority programs / activities of indigenous villages in supporting the prevention of rabies disease. The results obtained from this research is the role of community-based institutional customs can be one important effort in the prevention of rabies. Completion of various Pakraman Village programs / activities that support health and tourism development such as rabies control.

Abstract:The study focused on impact of use of dairy farming technology on small-scale dairy farmers’ livelihood in five wards in Longisa sub-County: Kembu, Merigi, Chemaner, Kipreres, and Longisa. An ex post facto research design was used in the study. 128 small-scale dairy farmers, two agricultural officers and ten milk collectors (drivers) were randomly sampled for the study. Data were collected using questionnaires; observations and document analysis. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and t-test procedure. It was found that there is a significant difference between farmers who adopted dairy farming technology and those who did not (t(106) = -15.2240, p = 0.000) indicating that there is improvement in milk production for farmers who utilise the farming technology. In addition, the study established that the small-scale dairy farmers’ level of education plays a major role in adoption of farming technology, use of credit and milk market facilities leading to enhanced income and positive impact on the farmers’ livelihoods. The study findings have implications on Agricultural Education and Extension Officers, rural dairy farmers, Farmers’ Training Centres and teachers of agriculture in schools.

Abstract:The purpose of the study was to investigate the determinants for the implementation on ban plastic bags in Kenya, a case of NEMA, Kisii County. The objectives of the study include, to ascertain how public participation influences implementation of the ban of plastic bags, to investigate how governance influences the implementation of the ban of plastic bags, to establish how budget allocation influences the implementation of the ban of plastic bags in Kisii County and to assess how public policy influences implementation of the ban of plastic bags in Kisii County.  The study adopted a descriptive research design. Using Morgan’s table at 95% confidence level and error margin of 5%, sample of 63 respondents were chosen from NEMA, 10%*1200 =120 for businesses and Using random sampling to sample general public to get 17 respondents hence a total of 200 respondents were used for the study. This approach allowed the researcher to gather information, summarize, present and interpret it for the purpose of clarification. The study used questionnaires to collect data from the sample size.  Each item in the questionnaire was developed to address a specific objective and research questions. The analysis was done as per questionnaires that were used to collect data and the results were presented in tables and figures to highlight the major findings. They are also presented sequentially according to the research questions of the study. On the finding of the study, 72.47% of the respondents strongly agreed that public participation is key towards the implementation of the ban of plastic bags. Concerning governance on the implementation of the ban of plastic bags, 50% of the respondents disagreed that the governance in NEMA cannot implement the ban of plastic bags. With budget constraints, 57.30% of the respondents strongly agreed that budget constraints have an influence in the implementation of the ban of plastic bags. On public policy, 95.51% of the respondents strongly agreed that ineffective implementation of public policies and over ambitious policies have an influence on the implementation of the ban of plastic bags. Based on the findings of the study the researcher concluded that public participation has an influence towards the implementation of the ban of plastic bags. On governance on the implementation of the ban of plastic bags, governance in NEMA cannot implement the ban of plastic bags. Budget constraint has a great influence in the implementation of the ban of plastic bags and ineffective implementations of public policies and over ambitious policies have a great influence on the implementation of the ban of plastic bags. On all government projects or initiatives the government should embrace public participation. The study concluded that the governance of NEMA should be reviewed for it to better their services, public policies need to be implemented effectively in order to achieve goals and there is need to have well budgeting plan that will see institutions like NEMA performing their duties without a hindrance of budget. the researcher recommends that research be done to find out why public policies are not followed to the lather thus hindering the effective implementation of government projects.

Abstract:An analysis of the relationship of water kiosks program and water supply management in Wayani, Mombasa County was conducted with the main aim of establishing if the accessibility, quality, affordability and reliability of water in Wayani are dependent on the number of water kiosks in the area, and their correlation. Millions of Africans are faced with severe water shortages due to uneven water distribution, poor water infrastructure networks and lack of good political will. This study brought forth the status of water supply and distribution in Mombasa County as it addressed causes of the perennial water shortages experienced in the County. The target populations were both water kiosks operators and household consumers in Wayani, leading to use of stratified sampling design which was used to divide members of the population into homogeneous subgroups. Primary data was collected using questionnaires embedded in the mWater portal while secondary data was collected from historical records. The research employed descriptive research design to report summary of data, which involved percentages, measure of central tendency standard deviation, correlation and regression analysis. Findings for accessibility revealed measure of central tendency of slightly high mean of 3.2 and 3.283 for the water kiosk operators and house hold consumers respectively. Pearson correlation revealed a high correlation coefficient of 0.9851 on the response pattern for the two paired datum. For reliability, measure of central tendencies of mean ranged between 3.28 and 3.283.  Pearson correlation revealed a high correlation coefficient of 0.9197 on the response pattern for the two paired datum. For quality, measure of central tendency revealed a slightly low mean of between 2.614 and 2.684 for the water kiosk operators and house hold consumers respectively. Pearson correlation revealed a high correlation coefficient of 0.9084 on the response pattern for the two paired datum. For affordability, measure of central tendencies of mean ranged between 2.119 and 2.5 which indicate a generally low mean. Pearson correlation revealed a high correlation coefficient of 0.956 on the response pattern for the two paired datum. The study concludes that water kiosk program has significant effect on the water supply management in Wayani. Measures need to be put in place to ensure that the water kiosks boost accessibility, reliability quality and affordability of water in Wayani in order to successfully addressed causes of the perennial water shortages experienced in the County. It is recommended that more water kiosk programs and training and sensitization of the operators to assure quality of water should be done. The study concludes that indeed water shortage in Wayani is real and the local authority should take to task the specifications on standards and regulations of the water supplied by water kiosk operators as pertaining to quality, and affordability, as they ensure accessibility and reliability by increasing water volumes.

Abstract:This research was about finding out influence of Fairtrade Certification in enhancing organizational performance: A case of Kenya Tea Development Agency factories in Bomet Central Sub-county. This study involved the following objectives: To determine how fair trade certification influences environmental sustainability, to evaluate the influences of fair-trade certification on community development .to determine the extent to which fairtrade certification influences made tea prices and to determine the extent to which fair-trade certification influences made tea prices. The study also established the influence of Fairtrade on the product quality of tea. The research design was descriptive survey. The study targeted 2 managers 50 workers and 20 clients of small scale tea factories operating in Bomet Central Sub-County. The following factories which were involved included Motigo, Tirgaga and Kapkoros tea factories. The researcher employed the use of questionnaires as the main research instrument. The case study research design was used in the study. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select the sample size. The responses were analyzed and presented by use of descriptive statistics.

Abstract:The study focused on the effects of project organizational structure on an organization’s performance: a case of Nyankoba tea factory, Nyamira County guided by four  specific objectives namely: To establish the extent to which communication affect organization structures on organization performance in Nyankoba Tea Factory, to determine how supervision affects organization structures on organization performance in Nyankoba Tea Factory, to find out how leadership affects organization structures on organization performance in Nyankoba Tea Factory, and finally to establish whether motivation affects organizational structures on organization performance in Nyankoba tea factory. The target population will be 123 respondents and only 94 respondents was sampled randomly for the study. Questionnaires were employed to collect data from respondents, which were then analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively using frequencies and presented in form of frequency distribution tables. The study was of great significance to management in assisting to better understand how project organizational structures that enhances organizational performance. The findings revealed organization structures significantly influenced organization performance of Nyankoba Tea Factory. The findings also revealed the variables that were studied namely communication, supervision, leadership and motivation had an influence in organization performance. The study made the following recommendations: The type of structure adopted by an organization has its merits and demerits. Hence, there is need to encourage organizations to adopt a structure whose merits outweigh its demerits based on organization’s operating environment. The study recommends a study on how these other organizational structures influences performance of organizations and also recommends a replica of the study to be carried out within the context of another field other than tea factories for comparative purpose.

Abstract:The declaration of Free Primary Education (FPE) in Kenya led to a rise in pupils’ enrolment which has an implication on teaching and learning. Management of schools is the key to realizing the national educational goals. The immediate effect of the FPE was increase in enrolment in primary schools. The Gross Enrolment Rate (GER) of the school age population increased from 92 per cent in 2002 to 104 per cent in 2003. The enrolment of girls rose by 17 per cent from 3 million in 2002 to 3.5 million in 2003, while that of boys rose by 18 percent from 3.1 to 3.7 million in the same period. By 2006, the total enrolment in primary schools was 7.63 million up from 7.59 million in 2005. It is also important to note that some of the students enrolling were adults. The dramatic rise in enrolment rates in schools presented a number of challenges. For example, there was overcrowding in classrooms as most schools did not have adequate classrooms to accommodate the large number of pupils that enrolled under the FPE. As a result KCPE performance in Embakasi East Sub-County, Nairobi County has been dismal since the inception of the FPE program. The study was based on four specific objectives; to determine how staff, availability of learning materials, pupil to teacher ratio and government funding influence the sustainability of free primary education in Embakasi East Sub-County, Nairobi City County, Kenya. The study employed a descriptive survey design. The target population comprised 10 public primary schools in the sub-County therefore of 10 head teachers 50 senior teachers and 200 teachers. The sample for the study was 157 respondents. This study used questionnaires to collect data while descriptive statistics was used to analyze data. The analyzed data was presented using tables, percentages and frequencies. The study concluded that the independent variables significantly influenced the sustainability of the FPE program among public primary schools in Embakasi East Sub-County. The study established that there were inadequate teaching and learning resources among the schools which affected delivery of quality content to the learners. However, the effective learning was a challenge as the teachers complained of the high number of pupils and needed much more attention that could be provided. This may have influenced the sustainability of the FPE. The study also established that government funding was inadequate and this negatively influenced sustainability and running of the FPE program. A number of teachers and head-teachers were found not to have attended capacity building trainings aimed at improving their content delivery. This affected their efficiency and effectiveness in service delivery. The study recommended that there is need for government to allocate more funds to enable smooth running of the FPE program and acquire more learning and teaching materials, employ more teachers to counter the influx of pupils and also sensitize and facilitate more trainings for teachers. Further studies need to be done on other factors that may be influencing sustainability of the FPE program in the same context or other parts of the country.

Abstract:The study sought to examine the factors influencing youth participation in community development projects in Bomet Central Sub-county, Bomet County, Kenya. The study was guided by the four objectives: to establish the influence of level of education on youth participation in development projects Bomet Central sub county;  to examine the impact of the emerging national youth policy on the community in development projects at Bomet Central sub county, to find out the relationship of accessibility to opportunities and youth participation in development projects in Bomet Central sub county; and to establish relationship of socio-cultural aspects and youth participation in development projects Bomet Central sub county. This study used an exploratory qualitative research design, which is useful when a researcher seeks to elicit a participant’s experiences, perceptions and the meanings they attach to them. The study population consisted of young people between the ages of 18 and 35 and the target population was 37,960 youth in Bomet sub-County. A sample size of 396 was arrived at using Israel (2013) formula. Stratified random sampling was used in selecting respondents because it gives each item in the population an equal probability chance of being selected. The study used both primary and secondary data. The researcher used primary data collected using questionnaires to carry out the study. The questionnaires included structured and unstructured questions. The study obtained secondary data from the published reports which include periodicals, journals and internet. A pilot survey was also conducted for the purpose of testing the validity of instrument before the main data collection. The test-retest technique was used to test the reliability. Analysis involved the production and interpretation of frequencies counts and tables that describes and summarizes the data. The data is presented using tables.  The findings of this study are expected to contribute immensely to the existing body of knowledge on youth participation in development projects. Further, the findings can be used in formulation government policies that are geared towards enhancing more participation from the youth. The study found out that there was a significant association between education levels and youth participation in development projects (χ2=78.93, P-value=0.000). It was established that 89.7% of the respondents were aware of opportunities that can help them participate in development projects. Accessibility was found to have significant effect on youth participation in development projects (χ2=88.28, P-value=0.000). Chi-square test of independence showed that there was significant association between government policies and youth participation in development projects (χ2=130.219, P-value=0.000). The findings indicated that there was a significant association between socio-cultural aspects and youth participation in development projects (χ2=38.798, P-value=0.001).

Abstract:This research study sought to assess the factors affecting roads Construction Projects Completion in Nyamira county. The county currently has four road construction projects being carried out by KeRRA. The objectives of the study were: To evaluate how project managers competency influence road construction projects Completion in KeRRA, Nyamira County, To establish the influence of project funds on road construction projects Completion in KeRRA, Nyamira County., To what extent does project equipment influence road construction projects delivery in KeRRA, Nyamira County and To examine whether project technological innovation influence road construction projects Completion in KeRRA, Nyamira County . The significance of the study was to determine the factors affecting roads construction projects Completion in Nyamira County so as to identify the areas where urgent action need to be taken to safeguard the interest of the sector. The study will help in application of theoretical training to policy makers to address practical problems in the sector, and to provide insights to today’s and the future managers on the importance of properly road construction completion. The target population comprised of all 12 members of staff in all maintenance, design and construction, special projects, human resource, it, accounts and procurement departments. It will also include all the 60 field staff based at the four road construction projects in Nyamira County. The study adopted a census survey design. The study used a census study since the population of 72 was small and the study aimed to reach all the staff in KeRRA in all the four road construction projects. The study population comprised of 72 members of staff working in KeRRA in Nyamira county. Questionnaires were used as the main data collection instruments and a pilot study was undertaken to pre-test the questionnaires for validity and reliability. Data collected was analyzed using quantitative method with the help of (SPSS) version 22 and excel. Quantitative data was analyzed by employing descriptive statistics and inferential analysis. Descriptive statistics such as measures on central tendency and dispersion along with percentages will be used to organize and summarize numerical data. The study revealed that project manager’s competency, project technology, project funds and project equipment greatly influence road construction projects. The study recommended that further study be done on key performance indicators in order to identify their relationship with road construction.

Abstract:In a developing country like Kenya, the problems associated with solid waste management are more acute than in a developed country (Zerbock, 2013). Lack of financial resources and infrastructure to deal with solid waste creates a vicious cycle; lack of resources leads to low quality of service provision which leads to fewer people willing to pay for the services, which in turn further erodes the resource base and so on. Despite the Local County Government effort to clean up the Town of Narok, the solid waste accumulation situation in the residential and entire town continues to worsen day after day. The purpose of the study is to determine factors influencing good practices in solid waste management in urban centers in reference to Narok Town, Narok County. The objectives of the study are; to assess the influence of Technical factors on solid waste management  in Narok Town, Narok County, to explore resources available for solid waste management in Narok Town, Narok County, to investigate the influence of enforcement of county by-laws on solid waste management in Narok Town, Narok County, and to establish the influence of public participation on solid waste management in Narok Town, Narok County and The target population was employees working in Narok Town, County offices and businessmen in the town.  A sampling 95 out of the total number of 120 employees was picked. Primary data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires and secondary data from research projects, internet, journals and books. The study found out that majority of the respondents 72% were in agreement that resource availability influenced solid waste management while 28% were not in. The study also concludes thatmajority of the respondents68% were in agreement that technical skills influence solid waste management while minority 32% disagreed. Additionally, the study concludes that majority of the respondents 68% were in agreement that county by-laws influenced solid waste management practice while 32% were not in agreement. The study recommends that national government should ensure ample budgetary allocation of funds for the purpose of waste management and put up an appropriate structure to guide the activities of each county in the management of solid wastes. Narok County needs to improve waste collection system by providing man power, enough vehicles to ease garbage collection. This research recommends that existing by laws should be strictly enforced in all areas of the municipality and new ones formulated to cope with changing times for example formulation of municipal policy. The study recommends that Narok County should provide financial and physical capacity county agencies and other players involved in waste collection for effective and efficient waste management practices in county, the research recommends that existing by laws should be strictly enforced in all areas of the municipality and new ones formulated to cope with changing times for example formulation of municipal policy.
Keywords:Determinants of Solid Waste Management in Urban Centres.

Abstract:This research sought to examine determinants of performance of family planning projects funded by USAID and to establish an understanding and knowledge on the factors that enhance family planning project performance. The objectives of the study were to determine how contraceptive security influence the performance of family planning projects in Homa-bay County, to examine how staff competence influence the performance of family planning projects in Homa-bay County, to find out how accessibility influence the performance of family planning projects in Homa-bay County, and to establish how affordability influences the performance of family planning projects in Homa-bay County. To realize the objectives, a descriptive survey design was adopted. The target population constituted WRA registered as FP clients in GOK health facilities. The research study adopted Krejcie and Morgan table of sampling. A sample size of 270 women and 90 service providers was identified. This study used both the questionnaire and an interview guide for data collection among the women of reproductive age seeking family planning services and the interview guides were for the service providers. The data was analyzed using frequencies, percentages and presented in tables. The findings indicated that when users were presented with wide range of FP methods from which they could to choose from, it granted users the autonomy to choose high-quality contraceptives for family planning and therefore enhancing FP objective of preventing HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections.The study established that ensuring the continuous availability of contraceptives at the client level is a key contributor to increasing the use of family planning services and that there is need to provide Contraceptive Safety, in order to enable people to choose, obtain, and use high-quality contraceptives whenever they want them. Contraceptive Safety requires planning and commitment on several levels to ensure that the necessary commodities, equipment, and other supplies are always available.The study also noted that the cost of family planning service is an important determinant of the use of family planning services. Government health facilities in Homabay County offered the services free of charge; proximity was considered an ideal proxy for price of the contraceptives. The further away from the facility a respondent is the higher would be transport cost or transaction cost of accessing the facility.The study also noted that Poverty and longstanding County regional inequities also perpetuate the exclusion of many people from accessing effective contraception in Homabay County, according to health care providers it is hard to keep services affordable and ensure that people can choose, obtain, and use high-quality contraceptives whenever they want them.The study noted that demographic and socioeconomic factors of the woman and also the, woman’s perception in terms of the facility/provider factors such quality, user fees charged for family planning services, and proximity of the family planning facility.Therefore, the study concluded that ensuring Contraceptive Safety is key in promoting performance of family planning projects in Homabay County. The study also established that family planning health workers played a critical role in creating awareness on family planning services, competent health workers were in a better position to convince young reproductive women to consider uptake of family planning measures than any other advocacy means. Therefore the staff competence had a positive influence on the performance of family planning projects in Homabay County.