Abstract: Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital is the main referral hospital in Western Kenya. With increasing quest for higher education in nursing, many nursing institutions offering degree and diploma programmes use MTRH for clinical attachments and experiences. This has led to overcrowding of students and overstretching of the strained resources. Setting: Moi University-School of Nursing, MTRH
Study Population: All third and fourth year Nursing students, Moi University.
Objectives: The main objective of the study was to find out the challenges experienced by undergraduate Nursing Students of Moi University, School of Nursing during their clinical rotations. Specific Objectives were to find out how well prepared students were before the clinical rotations; determine the suitability of the learning environment, determine the effectiveness of the evaluation tools used to assess students at the end of each clinical rotation and the adequacy of time allocated for the clinical rotations.
Methodology: Descriptive cross-sectional design was used. A self administered questionnaire was used to collect data.
Results: A total of 38 students filled the questionnaire, (100%).  Those who agreed that basic sciences prepared them well for clinical rotations were 68% and 34% indicated that the skills laboratory prepared them well. Those who reported being comfortable with using the instruments and equipment in the clinical areas were 32%. Most respondents (71%) agreed that most patients in the clinical areas were co-operative. The protocols and procedure manuals in the clinical areas were reported to be inappropriate for learning by 34%. The effectiveness of the evaluation tools was supported by 29% of the respondents while most, 45% indicated that the time allocated for clinical rotations was inadequate.
Conclusion: The Nursing Students experienced various challenges during their clinical rotations that require attention as indicated in the study findings.
Keywords: Challenges, clinical Rotation, facilities, evaluation tools, skills laboratory.

Title: Challenges Experienced By Undergraduate Nursing Students during Their Clinical Rotations
Author: Kabimba Anne L.Wawire., Songole S.Rogers, Owino O. Claudio, Kimathi Dickson Mwiti, Ndirangu Michael Ndung’u, Musyoka Jeniffer Katindi, Mwangi Emmah Njeri
International Journal of Novel Research in Interdisciplinary Studies
Novelty Journals

Abstract: In this paper, a different approach, called called Interdependent Creatures Exploration (ICE) algorithm for solving optimal reactive power dispatch problem has been presented. ICEsimulates the interdependent interaction strategies adopted by creatures to endure and promulgate in the ecosystem. The proposed (ICE) algorithm has been tested on standard IEEE 30 bus test system and simulation results show the worthy performance of the proposed algorithm in tumbling the real power loss.

Keywords: Optimal Reactive Power, Transmission loss,Interdependent Creatures Exploration, Bio-inspired algorithm
Title: Interdependent Creatures Exploration algorithm for Solving Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch Problem
Author: Mr. K. Lenin, Dr.B.Ravindhranath Reddy, Dr.M.Surya Kalavathi
International Journal of Novel Research in Interdisciplinary Studies
Novelty Journals

Abstract: this paper presents an algorithm for solving the multi-objective reactive power dispatch problem in a power system. Modal analysis of the system is used for static voltage stability assessment. Loss minimization and maximization of voltage stability margin are taken as the objectives. Generator terminal voltages, reactive power generation of the capacitor banks and tap changing transformer setting are taken as the optimization variables.Global optimization methods play an important role to solve many real-world problems. However, the implementation of single methods is excessively preventive for high dimensionality and nonlinear problems, especially in term of the accuracy of finding best solutions and convergence speed performance. In recent years, hybrid optimization methods have shown potential achievements to overcome such challenges. In this paper, a new hybrid optimization method called hybrid evolutionary firefly algorithm (hefa) is proposed. The method combines the standard firefly algorithm (fa) with the evolutionary operations of differential evolution (de) method to improve the searching accuracy and information sharing among the fireflies. In order to evaluate the proposed algorithm, it has been tested on ieee 30 bus system and compared to other specified algorithms.

Keywords: Firefly Algorithm, Differential Evolution, hybrid optimization, optimal reactive power, Transmission loss.
Title: Voltage Stability Augmentation And Active Power Loss Reduction By HybridEvolutionary Firefly Optimization Algorithm
Author: Mr.K.Lenin, Dr.B.RavindhranathReddy, Dr.M.Surya Kalavathi
International Journal of Novel Research in Interdisciplinary Studies
Novelty Journals

Abstract: It needs not be overstressed that primary education is the foundation on which the other levels of education rest. It can also be likened to the gate of a building, which controls the entrants into it. In spite of the importance of primary education however, its financing has been unstable, inadequate and unsustainable in Nigeria. Over the years, primary education has been experiencing a ‘push and pull syndrome’ among the three tiers of government (i.e. federal, state, and local). Its financing has also been inadequate to meet its challenges while also becoming a burden for government to bear. This paper examines the history of primary education financing in Nigeria and in the process, highlighted the maneuvering among the federal, state, and local governments; the inadequacy, as well as the non sustainability of the financing. To achieve adequate, stable and sustainable financing of primary education in Nigeria in this decade and beyond therefore, joint financing by the federal, states and local governments, introduction of Education Tax for public service workers, increased participation/contributions by private sector, seeking the assistance of old students, organizing fund raising activities, engagement in agricultural activities, as well as ensuring accountability in the management of primary education funds, are recommended.

Keywords: Strategy, achieve, stable, adequate, sustainable, financing, primary, education, primary education, Nigeria, decade, beyond.
Title: Strategies to Achieve a Stable, Adequate, and Sustainable Financing of Primary Education in Nigeria in This Decade And Beyond
Author: IGE AKINDELE METTHEW
International Journal of Novel Research in Interdisciplinary Studies
Novelty Journals