Abstract: Investigation was conducted on the physical characteristic, proximate composition, polyphenol and anti-nutritional factors of chocolate produced from different cocoa hybrids (TC₁, TC₂,TC₅, TC₆ and TC₇). The cocoa were fermented with tray and then sundried. Chocolate were produced from the bean’s liquor of the different cocoa hybrid using standard methods. The physical, proximate, polyphenol and anti-nutritional properties of the chocolate were determined using standard methods. The average proximate composition of the chocolate samples were protein (6.29 to 7.29%), crude fat (31.96 to 34.28%), crude fiber (2.35 to 2.58%), total ash (2.24 to 2.65%), moisture (5.17 to 5.49%), dry matter (94.51 to 94.83%) and Nitrogen free extract (NFE) (48.76 to 57.73%). The vitamin A content of the chocolate sample also ranges from 233.16 to 258.55 µg/100g. The average total polyphenol of the chocolate sample were catechin (0.42 to 0.72mg/100g). Epicatechin (0.42 to 0.72mg/100g), caffeine (0.23 to 0.44%), Theobromine (0.33 to 0.64mg/100g and antioxidant (66.26 to 78.14TE/100g) respectively. The result of the physical property  revealed that the samples were significantly different (p< 0.05) from one another. The utilization of different varieties of cocoa causes significant differences in the physical, proximate, total polyphenols of chocolate produced.

Keywords: Chocolate, Cocoa hybrids, Proximate composition, Polyphenol, Antinutritional factors, Catechin, Epicatechin, Theobromine,

Title: PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTIC, PROXIMATE COMPOSITION, POLYPHENOL AND ANTINUTRITIONAL FACTORS OF CHOCOLATE PRODUCED FROM NEW NIGERIAN COCOA VARIETY

Author: Olasunmbo A. Ilori, Omobolanle O. Olorode, Olajumoke M. Albert

ISSN 2394-9716

International Journal of Novel Research in Interdisciplinary Studies

Novelty Journals

Abstract: In earlier days the extent of plant breeding as an art and as a science was much disputed. Plant breeding was practiced first when people learned to look for superior plants to harvest for seed; thus selection became the earliest method of plant breeding. The results of those primitive efforts in plant selection contributed much to the evolutionary development of each of the cultivated crops. Before breeders possessed the scientific knowledge that is available today, they relied largely on their skill and judgment in selecting the superior types. The breeders should be good observers, quick to recognize variations among plants of the same species, which could be used as the basis for establishing new varieties. Among the scientific disciplines essential to addressing this challenge, plant breeding will play a unique role by developing the new crops, ornamentals, or forest trees that meet societal needs. Plant breeders will develop plants that are adapted to our changing environment and that can improve environmental quality. The objective of this paper is to review the impact plant breeding in agriculture in general and in crop improvement, food security & investment specifically. The achievements of plant breeders are numerous, and can be grouped into several major areas of impact – yield increase, enhancement of compositional traits, crop adaptation, and the impact on crop production systems. Plant breeding is not without negative side effects, the replacement of local landraces with improved and varieties of narrow genetic base results in genetic vulnerability and genetic erosion. The limitation of genetic diversity directly impact on the lack of input materials for new breeding programs.

Keywords: Plant breeding, Genetic diversity, Improved Varieties, food security.

Title: Review on The Impact of Plant Breeding in Crop Improvement in Ethiopia

Author: Berhanu Sime

ISSN 2394-9716

International Journal of Novel Research in Interdisciplinary Studies

Novelty Journals