Abstract: The acute toxicity of herbicide propanil to juveniles of Oreochromis niloticus of mean standard length of 6.23±0.41 cm and 9.20±1.10 gm body weight were investigated under laboratory condition at the concentrations of 10, 15, 20 and 25 uL‾ᴵ. At the cellular level, acute exposure to the toxicant resulted in significant increase in the leucocyte count when compared with those of the control specimens. The mean Haemoglobin, Haemotocrit and TEC of the exposed fish were lower than values of the control group of fish. Statistical analysis showed that the differences were significant (p<0.05). The haemoglobin, haematocrit and TEC values decreased with increased concentration, while total leucocytes count increased with increase in concentration. At Organ level Oreochromis niloticus exposed to acute concentrations of herbicide propanil exhibited agitated swimming, loss of equilibrum, air gulping, period of quiescence, and the fish turned on its flank and swarm in circles and finally died   In conclusion, acute concentrations of propanil are harmful to O. niloticus, a non target organism. It is recommended that manufacturers should be compelled to state categorically the effect of propanil to non target organisms (or aquatic organisms).  

Keywords: Acute toxicity, propanil, haematology, Oreochromis niloticus. 
Title: Haematological Assessment of Oreochromis Niloticus (Linn, 1787) Exposed To   Acute Toxicity of the Herbicide Propanil
Author: Mallum S. S.,   Sogbesan O. A., Haruna A. B
International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences
Novelty Journals

Abstract: In Rwanda, the farmers have been using the poultry manures some years back as an alternative to inorganic fertilizer for increasing the production of vegetables to small scale farmers. However, there is a lack of its fixed dose recommendation for vegetable and other crops in general.  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of poultry manure and NPK (17-17-17) on growth and yield of carrot. A randomized complete block design experiment was conducted in December, 2013 to March 2014 in Rulindo District to The treatments used were 300NPK kg ha-1 (T1), 10t ha-1 Poultry manure (T2), combination of poultry manure (5tha-1PM and 150NPKkg ha-1) (T3) and control (T0). Number of leaves and plant height were recovered as growth parameters while tuber shoulder diameter, length of taproot and weight of taproots, marketable and non marketable yield, number of cracked and forked roots were evaluated as yield and yield component parameters. The results showed that 10 t ha-1 of poultry manure (PM) significantly (p<0.05) presented higher performance for all evaluated parameters; the highest mean data recorded at last day were 44.87.66cm (plant height), 14.6cm( length of taproot),  31.66tha-1(yield),29.16tha-1 (marketable yield),and was recorded with the 10tha-1PM recorded high root yield which  on par with the combination of 5tha-1 PM+150kgha-1 NPK (28.83tha-1) followed by 300NPK kgha-1(24.35tha-1), while the lowest yield of 15.91tha-1was obtained in the control. Poultry manure generated may be considered as a good source of organic fertilizer as it contains considerable amounts of both macro and micronutrients which are crucial for the growth and yield of crops. Therefore this study recommends the use of poultry manure in carrot production at a dose of 10 t ha-1in Rulindo district.

Keywords: organic and mineral fertilizers, carrot, poultry manure, marketable, forked and cracked roots.
Title: Effect of Poultry Manure and NPK (17-17-17) On Growth and Yield of Carrot in Rulindo District, Rwanda
Author: HABIMANA Sylvestre, UKESHIMANA Constance, NDAYISABA Esdras, NDUWUMUREMYI Athanase
International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences
Novelty Journals

Abstract: The pollution of the environment with toxic heavy metals is spreading throughout the world along with industrial progress. Removal of heavy metals from contaminated sites using microorganisms is a cheaper alternative to chemical technologies. The present study was carried out to isolate microbial strains from the battery manufactured polluted soil and to test their metal tolerance to cadmium, lead and nickel (Cd, Pb, Ni). In the primary screening were isolated 30 bacterial strains that were tested on higher concentrations of Cd, Pb and Ni (up to 2000 ppm), the widespread hazardous chemicals used by battery industry. It has been noticed that the intracellular accumulation of Pb changes the color of colonies grown on media with lead. The selected 7 strains were morphologically and physiochemically characterized and the growth kinetics studied on the basis of two types of developed inoculum. Data indicated that the isolated bacteria have a great potential in heavy metals bioremediation.

Keywords: Battery manufactured polluted soil, Heavy metal, Metal tolerance, Bioremediation, MTC.
Title: Toxic Heavy Metals Tolerance in Bacterial Isolates Based On Their Inducible Mechanism
Author: Amit Vashishth, Sunil Khanna
International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences
Novelty Journals

Abstract: The antioxidant potential of many flavonoid containing plants is increasingly being exploited in therapy. Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) is one of the most widely used nutraceuticals, used traditionally to combat various illnesses due to its high flavonoid contents. The present study was aimed at evaluating the ameliorative effect of co-administration of HS and vitamin E on sub-chronic carbamazepine (CBZ)-induced alterations in semen characteristics. Thirty young male Wistar rats were divided at random into five groups containing 6 rats per groups. Group I and II were administered normal saline and carbamazepine (20 mg /kg), respectively, while group III was treated with CBZ and aqueous extract of Hibiscus Sabdariffa (200 mg/kg); group IV was treated with CBZ and vitamin E (VE) 30 minutes after treatment with CBZ. The regimens were administered orally by gavage once daily for a period of 8 weeks. At the end of the treatment, four animals from each group were randomly selected and sacrificed by jugular fenestration.

Keywords: Carbamazepine, Hibiscus sabdariffa, sperm count, sperm morphology, sperm motility, testicular histology, testosterone and vitamin E.
Title: Effect of Co-Administration of Aqueous Extract of Hibiscus Sabdariffa Linn (Malvaceae) Calyx and Vitamin E on Carbamazepine-Induced Testicular Changes in Adult Wistar Rats
Author: I. Suleiman, M. U. Kawu, Y. Tanko, M. Shitu
International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences (IJNRLS)
Novelty Journals

Abstract: This study reports on the possibility of value addition to watermelon rinds by processing of cakes using watermelon rind flour with wheat flour. Good quality fresh watermelon rinds were collected from local market. Chemical analysis of watermelon rind flour revealed that it contains 10.72% moisture, 11.21% protein, 73.18% carbohydrates, 12.61% ash and 2.38% fat. Three samples of watermelon rind flour cakes containing 10.0%, 20.0% and 30.0% watermelon rind flour in combination with wheat flour were processed. The properties of the cakes were evaluated in terms of volume, moisture content, crumb and crust characteristics etc. The cake supplemented with low level of watermelon rind flour had significantly improved the cake volume than those with high level of watermelon rind flour. Moisture content of cakes affected with the substitution levels of wheat flour with watermelon rind flour. Crumb and crust quality, symmetry and bloom of the cake containing 10.0% watermelon rind flour was significantly better than those of cakes containing 20.0% and 30.0% flour. The overall acceptability of the cake sample incorporating 10.0% watermelon rinds flour was more acceptable and significantly better from other cake samples prepared with watermelon rinds flour.

Title: Drying of Watermelon Rind and Development of Cakes from Rind Powder
Author: Md. Masudul Hoque, Abdullah Iqbal
International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences
Novelty Journals

Abstract:  To determine the histological changes induced by the human therapeutic dose of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and study the histological  effects of a single intraperitoneal injection of one tenth, three tenths and five tenths 5-FU LD₅₀ on liver and kidney of healthy mice and to show if these changes are irreversible or not after stopping the treatment.
Material and methods:For testing the effects of the drug human therapeutic regime, 18 mice were allocated in six cages (3 mice each); one acted as a control and five acted as a treated group. Treated group received the following treatment through intraperitoneal injection, an initial dose (12 mg/kg 5-FU) was injected intraperitoneally for three consecutive days and a maintenance dose (15 mg/kg 5-FU) was injected intraperitoneally once a week for three weeks. For testing effects of a single intraperitoneal injection of one tenth, three tenths and five tenths 5-FU LD₅₀, the mice were randomized into four groups (one control group and three treated groups) 10 mice each. The treated groups received 50, 150 and 250 mg/kg 5-FU through intraperitoneal injection, respectively.
The human therapeutic regime induced histological change only in liver. The treated groups received 50, 150 and 250 mg/kg 5-FU, fatty degeneration and portal area inflammatory cells infiltration were noticed after one week. Liver multinucleated giant cells were detected only in histological sections of mice that received 150 mg/kg. The 250 mg/kg 5-FU induced liver apoptosis. Kidney tubular necrosis was induced by a single injection of 150 and 250 mg/kg 5-FU.
The 5-FU human therapeutic regime induced no histological changes in the mice studied organs except for the liver. It induced liver focal necrosis and hydropic degeneration. While, the liver hydropic degeneration disappeared later on, the liver focal necrosis persisted.  Using higher doses induced histological change to the liver and the kidney and these pathological changes persisted.

Keywords: 5-FU, liver, kidney, mice
Title:  Histological Study of the Effect of Chemotherapy with 5-Fluorouracil on Normal Liver and Kidney of Mice
Author:  Heba Nageh Gad EL Hak, Tarek Ibrahim Saad Moawad, Gamal Abdel-Aty Hafez
International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences (IJNRLS)
Novelty Journals

Abstract:  A biotic and biotic factors like temperature and planting time influence cotton leaf curl virus disease epidemiology. The objective of the present study was to determine the factors that affect the of cotton leaf curl disease on seed cotton yield of Bt CIM-598, for three years 2010.2011 and 2012. Significant difference exited for seed cotton yield and CLCuV infestation due to planting time in every year. There was less disease incidence on early planted crop as compare to late planting. Maximum CLCuV incidence was recorded within 30-45 days in late planting as compared to 105 days of early planted cotton. This trend was common in three years but CLCuV incidence percentage was increased every year. The three year results revealed that CIM-598 cotton variety at early plantation performed better and produced higher seed cotton yield as compared to late plantation. It was found that cotton planted on May 15th gave highest CLCuV disease incidence followed by May 1st, April15th, April 1st and March 15th planting. Whereas on 15th March planted cotton gave highest seed cotton yield followed by April 1st, April 15th, May 1st and May 15th planting. Delay in sowing cotton crop reduced seed cotton yield progressively. Other factors affecting the incidence of cotton leaf curl virus are investigated. Climate change is altering temperature and Relative Humidity resulting in the shift of some insect/pest from small population to large population thus effecting crops yield.

Keywords:  Gossypium sp., Cotton Leaf Curl Disease, Disease Index, Seed cotton Yield, Temperatures, Relative Humidity
Title:  Differential Effect of Planting Time on Cotton Leaf Curl Disease (Clcud) and Yield of Cotton Variety Cim-598 (Gossypium Hirsutum L.)
Author:  Sabahat Hussain, Tariq Mahmood, Muhammad Tahir, Hafiz Tariq Mahmood, Muhammad Naveed Afzal
International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences
Novelty Journals