Abstract: Barley is an important  food crop grown in diverse agro-ecology, different seasons and production systems of Ethiopia. Soil acidity is now a serious threat to barley production in most high lands of Ethiopia and about 43% of the Ethiopian high land with altitude of >1500 arable land are affected by soil acidity. Acidic soils affected areas of Ethiopia found at western and southwestern, northwestern part of the country. Barley is considered to be more sensitive to acidic soils. The initial toxic effects of acid soil are stunted and shortened root growth then delay barley germination and initiation. This continued by delay of days to heading and days to maturity, decrease of plant height and increase severity of foliar diseases. Finally the overall effect of soil acidity is significantly expressed on biomass and grain yield and yield components barley.

Keywords: Barley, Soil acidity stress.

Title: Review on Effect of Soil Acidity on Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) producing Central highlands of Ethiopia

Author: Tigist Shiferaw

ISSN 2394-966X

International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences                                                    

Novelty Journals

Abstract: Biodiversity refers to the diversity and variability of all kinds of life on Earth that are essential for human survival. Its conservation comprises the long-term preservation, use, and restoration of lost and damaged biodiversity using two basic and complementary strategies: in situ and ex situ. Genetic diversity is an important factor in broadening gene pools in any crop population and is critical to the success of yield improvement efforts. Plant breeders require genetic variety in order to generate improved crop types. Phenotypic, biochemical, and molecular genetic diversity studies are all possible. Understanding the genetic diversity, heritability, and genetic advance of features in any plant population is essential for any breeding effort. Determining genetic diversity and its interactions among breeding materials is crucial in agricultural development efforts. The characterization and evaluation of germplasm is required for the screening of desired genetic materials for genetic improvement programs. Two important factors in the emergence of new species have been identified: climate change and geographic isolation. Biotic processes like as competition and predation among themselves are further causes of germplasm variety and evolution. The most significant traditional instruments for analyzing variance among genetic materials are phenotypic features, and observable physical qualities are particularly important tools in genetic diversity research. For further advancements, plant breeding mostly relies on the genetic variety of cultivated and wild relatives working together. In plant phenotyping, researchers look at plant features for yield, quality, and resistance to biotic and abiotic issues. In plant breeding, genetic diversity and selection are two critical elements. The additive (heritable) and non-additive variance of each quantitative characteristic are important components of genetic variance (dominance and epitasis). As a result, it's critical to breakdown apparent phenotypic variation into heritable and non-heritable components utilizing appropriate genetic components including genotypic coefficient of variation, heritability, and genetic advancement. The sum of genetic variance in a species' genetic make-up is referred to as genetic diversity. Because genetic diversity provides adaption mechanisms to biotic and abiotic environmental stresses, as well as the potential to adjust genetic makeup in response to environmental changes, genetic variation is critical for a species' survival. Finally, plant genetic variation is becoming increasingly important in agricultural growth, leading to major improvements in morphological and agronomical characteristics. The intrinsic levels of genetic variety present in the species at the time, the velocity of evolutionary response, and adaptation to external conditions all influence selection for improvement. The ability of a species to adapt to new circumstances rises as its genetic variety grows. Animals with a wide genetic diversity are better prepared to confront challenges, especially as a result of climate change, when new pests and diseases emerge. The availability and accessibility of diverse genetic resources ensures the global food production network's long-term existence since agricultural plant development is connected with other scientific disciplines.

Keywords: Genetic diversity; Collection; Conservation; Vulnerability; Erosion.

Title: ROLE OF PLANT GENETIC DIVERSITY CONSERVATION AND UTILIZATION

Author: Temesgen Begna

ISSN 2394-966X

International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences                                                    

Novelty Journals