Abstract:Wheat is a widely planted crop throughout the world, with an estimated 734.8 million metric tons annual global production. Wheat plays an important role in everyday life of the world’s population and provides over 21% of the food calories and 20% of the protein to more than 4.5 billion people, thereby playing a fundamental role in food. Wheat was one of the miracle crops of the 20th Century playing a significant role in the Green Revolution led by Norman Borlaug, which dramatically reduced poverty, hunger and saved millions of lives worldwide. However, it is threatened by several diseases, of which yellow rust is one of the most important wheat disease that can cause up to 100% yield loss. In Ethiopia, reports indicate that yield losses caused by stripe rust have ranged from 40 to 100% depending on the degree of susceptibility of cultivars, the time of the initial infection and environmental conditions during epidemic development. Therefore, it should be managed using integrated disease management methods. Thus, wheat producers should thoroughly know the elements of integrated wheat yellow rust disease management. This review discusses recent information on economic importance of wheat yellow rust disease, epidemiology of yellow rust disease, life cycle of yellow rust disease pathogen, host range of yellow rust disease pathogen and different elements of wheat yellow rust disease management. Under wheat yellow rust disease management, elements of wheat yellow rust disease management methods such as cultural, chemical, and use of host resistance methods have been discussed. Under the use of host resistance method, information on the types of resistance and sources of resistance have also been discussed.
Keywords:Wheat, yellow rust, disease, management, cultural method, chemical method, host resistance, types of resistance, sources of resistance.

Abstract:Wheat is one of the most important food crops in the world and is a major cereal crop cultivated world-wide and contributes substantially to human daily calories and food security. Ethiopia is among the top three wheat producers in Africa, with wheat accounting for 20% of the nation’s total cereal production. However, it is highly vulnerable to many diseases, of which stem rust is significantly causing yield loss. In Ethiopia stem rust disease causes yield loss up to 100% when susceptible cultivars planted and the environment is conducive. To elevate the threat of stem rust it is important to identify resistant genes in different sources. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate 21 commercial bread wheat cultivars and 40 monogenic lines against wheat stem rust disease in fields under natural condition. The wheat genotypes were planted in un-replicated plots of 1m long with two rows and 20 cm spacing between rows at research stations of Kulumsa and Melkasa Agricultural Research Centers in four districts of Arsi zones. In this study, cultivars Enkoy, paven 76 and monogenic lines that contain Sr24, Sr26, Sr22 and Sr32 have been found resistant against the prevailing wheat stem rust pathogen population in the study area. Hence, those wheat genotypes that showed adequate level of adult plant resistance can be used in wheat breeding program for stem rust resistance at national or regional levels.
Keywords:Evaluation, Cultivars, Monogenic Lines, Wheat, Stem rust, Adult plant, Resistance, Trap nursery.

Abstract:The present study was designed to isolate and identify Lactic acid bacteria associated with Cassava and fufu products sold in Ekpoma market. The isolates were confirmed as Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Leuconostoc weisalle, Lactococcus by cultural and staining characteristics, motility, biochemical test and standard microbiological procedures. The results showed that Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc weisalle, Lactococcus were identified. The conclusions are based on short read so, a much more detailed study is necessary to determine if any of the Lactic acid bacteria that was detected might confer health benefits or even successfully assimilate into the human microbiome.
Keywords:Lactic acid bacteria, fufu products, health benefits, Ekpoma market.
Title:THE OCCURENCE OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA IN FUFU SOLD IN EKPOMA
Author:Helen A. Obiazi and Grace I. Okwu
ISSN 2394-966X
International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences                                                    
Novelty Journals

Abstract:In Ethiopia Maize (Zea mays L.) ranks second after Teff in area coverage and first in total production. Present investigations were aimed to determine the nature and magnitude of genetic variability for yield and yield related traits in maize inbred lines adapted to low moisture stress area.Forty maize inbred lines were evaluated in alpha lattice design for genetic variability study between grain yield and its related traits at Melkassa Agricultural Research Center (MARC) during 2017/2018 main cropping season. The analysis of variance showed the mean square due to genotype were highly significant (P<0.01) for all traits studied except number of kernel row per Ear which is significant at (p<0.05). It directly implies that the existence of sufficient genetic variability and potential for selection and improvement on the traits. The highest phenotypic (PCV) and genotypic (GCV) coefficient of variations were observed in number of tassel branch, grain yield hectare, Thousand kernel weight, Ear height , Number of ear per plant. High heritability estimate were recorded for all traits which indicated that these traits were relatively less influenced by environmental factors and phenotypic selection would be effective for the improvement of these traits. Number of tassel branches showed the highest estimate of genetic advances (GA) as percent of mean at 5% selection intensity which indicated that the existence of opportunities for genetic improvement in these traits through selection.
Keywords:PCV, GCV, heritability, genetic advance, maize.

Abstract:The study was carried out to evaluate and access the genetic parameters and traits association for eighteen morphological traits of forty maize inbred lines planted at Melkassa Agricultural Research Center during the 2017/18 main cropping season. Grain yield showed positive and significant (p<0.01) genotypic and phenotypic association with ear diameter, leaf per plant, number of kernel row per ear, number of kernel per row, tassel length, thousand kernel weight , number of leaf per plant, thousand kernel weight, tassel length. path coefficient analysis at  phenotypic level  revealed that the highest positive direct effect on grain yield was exhibited by number leaf per pant (0.361) followed by tassel length (0.308), Thousand kernel weight  (0.238), number of kernel row per ear (0.150), number of kernel per row(0.131) and plant height (0.075). These positive direct effects indicate that given other characters are kept constant, increasing one of these characters will increase seed yield which implies that these characters are the major contributors for the improvement of grain yield at genotypic level. However, the traits such leaf length (-0.065), Ear diameter (-0.022) and node per plant (-0.026) had negative direct effect on the grain yield per plant.  The genotypic path analysis showed direct effect on grain yield was observed in leaf per plant (0.42), tassel length (0.319) and No. of kernel row per ear (0.145), thousand kernel weight (0.13) and minimum positive direct effect to the grain yield was No. of kernel per row (0.071), and Ear diameter (0.05). Therefore, these traits are more important than other traits for the genetic improvement of maize for yield.
Keywords:correlation, path analysis, Zea mays L.