Abstract: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the most common acute conditions affecting gastrointestinal tract with increasing incidences of morbidity and mortality. In AP, pancreatic enzymes are activated and cause digestion, edema, hemorrhage, and even necrosis of the pancreatic tissue. The actual molecular mechanism of AP is poorly understood. Based on the literature, oxidative stress and activation of inflammatory cascades are majorly involved in the pathophysiology of AP.

Aim of the work: The aim of the current study was to clarify the promising anti-inflammatory action of calcium channel antagonist in treating induced AP in rats, expressed by morphological, morphometric changes and biochemical results.

Methods: Twenty- two Sprague Dawley rats were divided randomly into: Group I (Control group; n. 6). Group II ((AP) group; n.8): which was induced by injection of 2 gm/ kg body weight by intraperitoneal (IP). Group III (AP treated with verapamil): treated with verapamil by dose of (1.25mg/kg body weight) by IP injection 12 hours after L-arginine induction. Serological assessment of serum lipase and amylase, histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical and morphometric studies were done. Biochemical Study for Malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase. All studies were followed by statistical analysis.

Results: Group II (AP group) showed morphological changes indicating inflammation and degeneration that obviously regressed in groups III (AP treated with verapamil). Morphometric, serological and biochemical quantitative values were confirmative.

Conclusions: Verapamil therapy showed significant treating role; thus, verapamil can control experimentally induced AP in rats.

Keywords: Pancreatitis, Calcium channel receptors, MDA.

Title: A Study on the Effect of Calcium Channel Antagonist in Acute Pancreatitis

Author: Mostafa El-Sayed Ezz El-Dien

Volume 9, Issue 2, March 2022 - April 2022

Page: 121-130

ISSN 2394-966X

International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences                                                    

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published date: 07-April-2022

Abstract: Malaria is a public health problem globally especially in the Sub-Saharan Africa and among the under five children and pregnant women and is associated with a lot of maternal and foetal complications. We will conduct a systematic review of all studies on the effect of intermittent preventive treatment on the prevalence and outcomes of malaria in pregnancy. Study selection will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and study quality will be assessed by the Jadad score in addition to an evaluation of allocation concealment and data analysis. If sufficient data are available, a meta-analysis will be conducted. The effect sizes will be generated using Hedges’ g score, for both fixed and random effect models. I² statistics and Galbraith plots will be used to assess heterogeneity and identify their potential sources. Potential publication and small sample size bias will be assessed by visual inspections of funnel plots and also Egger’s test. Subgroup analysis, conditional on number of studies retrieved and their sample size, will be stratified on IPT and malaria in pregnancy outcomes. Overall, the review will complement the evidence base on the benefits of intermittent preventive treatment in malaria.

Keywords: malaria, pregnancy, preventive treatment, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine.

Title: INTERMITTENT PREVENTIVE TREATMENT FOR MALARIA AND OUTCOMES OF MALARIA IN PREGNANCY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW PROTOCOL

Author: OSSAI-CHIDI L. N., AWOPEJU A.T.O., AMAEWHULE M. N.

Volume 9, Issue 2, March 2022 - April 2022

Page: 116-120

ISSN 2394-966X

International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences                                                    

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published date: 07-April-2022

Abstract: In this Review Paper, we  have to study different types of Nutraceuticals also known as Bioceuticals or alternative of pharmaceutical like Tocotrienols, Lecithin, Sphingolipids, Choline, Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA’S) , Cereals and Milk and Dairy Products with their health benefits as a functional food. We have found that all nutraceuticals that we have to study are very important and have more nutritive value over pharmaceutical with lesser side effects and used for many cardiac (Hypertension), neuronal (Alzheimer’s), atherosclerosis, obesity, diabetes and other diseases (Cancer, Inflammation). Act as antioxidants, restoring healthy digestion and dietary habit, detoxifying the body, avoiding vitamin as well as mineral deficiencies. So we can say that nutraceuticals have received considerable interest due to potential nutritional, safety and therapeutic effects.

Keywords: Nutraceuticals, Tocotrienols, Lecithin, Sphingolipids, Choline, Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA’S) , Cereals and Milk and Dairy Products, functional food.

Title: A Review Paper on Nutraceutical as Science

Author: Megha Mishra

ISSN 2394-966X

International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences                                                    

Novelty Journals

Abstract: Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is a dioeciously farmed, highly outbred plant with great genetic variation. It's also the most nutritious food, and it can withstand more drought, heat, and salinity in the soil than other crops. The most significant impediment to commercializing this crop in Ethiopia was its tissue culture technology, particularly in the Afar region. This region is based on a nomadic lifestyle, and this crop is more important than any other, especially because its fruits are easy to transport. Multiplying dates in the laboratory, on the other hand, presents a number of difficulties. Skill, plant woodiness, high phenol release, and a lack of initial suckers are a few of them. The purpose of this communication is to raise knowledge of a few strategies as well as their drawbacks.

Keywords: Date palm, Disinfections, Explants, Hormones.

Title: IN VITRO PROTOCOL OPTIMIZATION FOR MASS PROPAGATION OF ELITE DATE PALM VARIETIES IN ETHIOPIA: SHORT COMMUNICATIONS

Author: Nitsuh Aschale

ISSN 2394-966X

International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences                                                    

Novelty Journals

Abstract: CRISPR-Cas9 technology is a recently created technique for genome editing that offers unparalleled variety, precision, and simplicity. CRISPRs are bacterial DNA segments with brief repeats in their nucleotide sequence.

Genome editing usually entails identifying a section of a plant's genome that may be altered to make it more disease and herbicide resistant, improve yields, quality, or other desirable features. In vitro and in vivo model systems; CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing has been utilized to fix DNA mutations ranging from a single base pair to massive deletions. A single guide RNA (typically around 20 nucleotides) that is complementary to a target gene or locus and is anchored by a protospacer-adjacent motif achieves site-specific alteration. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are induced by targetable nucleases such as zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) or CRISPR-associated.

The error-prone non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or homology-directed repair mechanisms, which have evolved over time, are used to repair DSBs (HDR).CRISPR reagents are transported as DNA, RNA, or protein RNA into plant cells, where they assemble into an active site-directed nuclease (SDN) that cleaves specified DNA sequences to produce DSB. Because of its capacity to cut DNA from any genome, the CRISPR/Cas9 system has a wide range of possible applications. The CRISPR gene was discovered in Escherichia coli for the first time. The main objectives of this review shows that the application of CRISPR-Cas9 technology.

Keywords: Gene targeting, Genome editing, Transcription activator-like effector nucleases, Zinc-finger nucleases, Homology-directed repair, Non-homologous end joining, CRISPR/ CAS9.

Title: APPLICATION OF CRISPR FOR PLANT GENOME EDITING: A REVIEW

Author: Medina Jemal, Nitsuh Aschale, ALEMU TEBJE

ISSN 2394-966X

International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences                                                    

Novelty Journals

Abstract: Sorghum, millet, and soybean are major food and cash crops in dry and semiarid parts of developing nations such as Ethiopia, and they include a variety of nutrients and minerals that are essential for a variety of uses. Instead of utilizing the expensive standard media (PDA, NA, EMB agar, McConkey agar, and Rainbow salmonella agar), locally available sorghum, finger millet, and soybean were used to prepare/formulate alternative microbial culture media. This review's major purpose is to generate alternative microbial culture media from locally farmed sorghum, finger millet, and soybean crops, as well as explanation of the cereals, microorganism and culture media.

Keywords:  Cereals crops, Culture media, Microorganism, Nutrients, Agar, Gelling Agent.

Title: ALTERNATIVE MICROBIOLOGICAL MEDIA FROM VARIOUS LOCALLY AVAILABLE CROPS: A REVIEW

Author: Nitsuh Aschale

ISSN 2394-966X

International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences                                                    

Novelty Journals

Abstract: Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a major cool-season pulse crop in Ethiopia. Field pea has the largest share of area and total national production of all pulses grown in Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, field pea is the major source of protein for poor farmers. The development of varieties for yield and disease resistance is one of the important activities to support farmers and improve the productivity of the crop. Field pea is grown in highland areas of Ethiopia within an altitude of 1800 - 3200 m.a.s.l. In Ethiopia, where the use of improved crop production technologies in general and improved seeds in particular is limited, the lack of technical skill is one of the most important limiting factors in seed production. Field pea covers about 216,786.33 hectares of arable lands with a total production of 3,608,112.40 quintals with average yield of 1.664 t ha^-1. It constitutes 12.73% of the total area covered by pulses. Field pea contains 23-25 percent protein. A major disease which limits the productivity of field pea includes Ascochyta blight, Fusarium wilt, downy mildew, rust and powdery mildew. Whereas weed, aphids and storage pests also the major constraint for field pea production in Ethiopia.

Keywords: Pisum sativum, GrainYield, Ascochyta blight, Fusarium wilt, and powdery mildew.

Title: Field pea Production and constraints in the Highlands of Ethiopia a Review Article

Author: Temesgen Abo Ertiro, Gebeyew Achenef Haile

ISSN 2394-966X

International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences                                                    

Novelty Journals

NJ Citation:

Temesgen Abo Ertiro, Gebeyew Achenef Haile, “Field pea Production and constraints in the Highlands of Ethiopia a Review Article”, Vol. 9, Issue 2, Page (59-71), International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences, Novelty Journals, www.noveltyjournals.com

Abstract: There are myriad of factors contributing for household food insecurity in rural households in Ethiopia Several efforts have been put in place to alleviate food insecurity globally, nationally and even locally. Despite these efforts, the situation continues to prevail and sometimes even increase in the contemporary human society. It is therefore imperative that food insecurity gets addressed appropriately. Therefore, this study sought to investigate household food insecurity and coping strategies rural households in the study area.  A mixed method study design was used to attain the objectives of the study. A total of 382 sample households (308 male and 74 female) selected from 5 kebeles of the district were interviewed using structured and semi structured interview schedule. Qualitative data were collected using focus group discussion and key informant interview. Data analysis was done with the help of STATA 13. A binary logistic regression model was also employed to identify factors affecting farmer’s adoption of common bean technologies in the area. The result of a descriptive statistics revealed that more than 62% of the study participant were food insecure and the remaining 37.3 were on food secure category. The result of a binary logistic regression model showed that the covariates sex of household head, age of household head, landholding size, livestock holding and off farm income size have a statistically significant positive relationship with the food security status of a household in the study area. The overall findings of the study revealed that a monotonous dietary pattern is prevalent and manifested among majority of the study participants. Therefore, all the necessary awareness creation and training on preparing different types of well-diversified recipes by using locally available farm produce such as Enset should be done by concerned bodies.

Keywords: Coping strategies, food insecurity, rural households.

Title: Determinants of Rural Household Food Insecurity and Local Coping Strategies: The Case of Hoko District in Sidama Region, Ethiopia

Author: Tesfahun Fikre

ISSN 2394-966X

International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences                                                    

Novelty Journals

Abstract: Maize production in Kenya is now under threat from the devastating maize lethal necrosis (MLN) disease in the field. This study was conducted to assess status of MLN in maize seed production fields from both small- and large-scale producers in Kenya. The survey was conducted in five Agro-ecological Zones (AEZ)s in 13 counties in 2015, 2017, 2018, and 2019. Sampling for asymptomatic and non-symptomatic was done using standardized protocol. On-site maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) testing was performed by immunostrips followed by laboratory qRT-PCR test. A total of 2,550 ha was surveyed with 21% having MLN disease and varying levels of severity. The MLN incidence and severity was not significantly different (P > 0.05) in the various Kenyan sampled agro-ecological zones, counties, maize varieties, and maize growth stages. Elevated MLN incidences and severities were observed in sub-humid AEZs comprising Embu, Uasin Gishu, Nakuru, and Elegeyo Marakwet counties that form the hotspots for MLN disease. The main MLN-causing viruses detected using q-RT-PCR were MCMV and sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV). Out of the total samples analyzed using qRT-PCR, 38% were found to have MCMV, 14% with SCMV, and 18% with both MCMV and SCMV. From the 185 sample analyzed with immunostrip from 2017 to 2019, 29 (16%) were positive for MCMV. Phytosanitary programs should be included in seed legislation for legal adoption and strategies to control the spread of MLN disease should focus on high-risk hotspots agro-ecological zones and counties.

Keywords: maize lethal necrosis (MLN) disease, maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV), sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV)., hotspots agro-ecological zones, Phytosanitary programs.

Title: Review on Effect of Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease on Maize Production in Ethiopia

Author: Kalkidan Tesfu

ISSN 2394-966X

International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences                                                    

Novelty Journals

Abstract: Tef (Eragrostis tef (zucc.) Trotter) is a major cereal crop resilient to adverse climatic and soil conditions, and possessing desirable storage properties. The crop is grown mainly for food in Ethiopia and is used as a health food alternative in the Western part of the country. Evaluating the extent of genetic diversity within and among populations is one of the first and most important steps to identify useful breeding materials and design appropriate collection and conservation strategies. Hence, this review is motivated to further dissect and characterize the genotype composition of tef accessions obtained from the gene bank at EBI (Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute) using morphological and SSR molecular markers and investigate similarity and variation both among and within tef accessions collections obtained from EBI.

Keywords: Phrases: Conservation, Diversity, Genotype composition, Gluten free, SSR markers.

Title: MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF SELECTED TEF (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.)Trotter) ACCESSIONS FROM THE GENE BANK OF ETHIOPIA (REVIEW)

Author: Adanech Teshome, Kalkidan Tesfu

ISSN 2394-966X

International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences                                                    

Novelty Journals

Abstract: Economically, Coffee is one of the most significant commodities in the world. Coffee is grown in about 80 different species around the world, but only two of them are economically significant: Coffea Arabica L. and Coffea Canephora Pierre. Arabica accounts for 70% of global coffee trade, while Robusta accounts for the remaining 30%. Ethiopia is one of the Arabica coffee's birthplaces. In the third world (such as Ethiopia), population growth combined with climate change has posed a new obstacle to the goal of achieving long-term economic sustainability. Traditional coffee vegetative propagation methods are genetically stable, but the process of producing large coffee plantlets required by farmers and investors is laborious and time consuming. Direct and indirect somatic embryogenesis are the most used strategies for propagating coffee Arabica. One of the promising ways for growing a large number of coffee plantlets in a short period of time is indirect somatic embryogenesis. However, there are other restrictions that occur throughout the somatic embryogenesis of coffee. The most plausible reason is because embryos to plantlet conversions are inefficient. This article presents an overview of the existing stages of micropropagation, their challenges, and recent findings on coffee somatic embryogenesis.              

Keywords: Direct somatic embryogenesis, Micropropagation, indirect Somatic embryogenesis, explant.

Title: COFFEE MICROPROPAGATION IN ETHIOPIA: A REVIEW

Author: Nitsuh Aschale, Kalkidan Tesfu

ISSN 2394-966X

International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences                                                    

Novelty Journals

Abstract: Finger millet is one of neglected crops and it’s native to east Africa. The yields of finger millet are low in Ethiopia due to different constraints including: lack of improved varieties, little research emphasis given to the crop, non-adoption of improved technologies, poor attitude to the crop, disease, lodging, threshing and milling problem are some of the most serious production constraints in finger millet production in Ethiopia. The main objective of this review is to know finger millet production and its applications.

Keywords: Finger millet, Regeneration, somatic embryogenesis, Ethiopia.

Title: FINGER MILLET (ELEUSINE CARACARA (SUBSPECIES CORACANA) (L.) GAERTN) PRODUCTION AND TISSUE CULTURE: A REVIEW

Author: Kalkidan Tesfu, Nitsuh Aschale

ISSN 2394-966X

International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences                                                    

Novelty Journals

Abstract: Stock fish and crayfish in a typical Nigerian society is a major requirement in meals as they are good sources of protein and other nutrients. This study investigated the microflora and heavy metal levels of stockfish and crayfish sold in the market. 50 samples of stock fish and crayfish were analyzed using standard microbiological techniques. Stockfish parts had total heterotrophic bacterial counts (THBC) ranging from 3.5x10⁴ to 8.4x10⁵ Cfu/g while crayfish samples had THBC ranging from 3.2x10⁴ to4.5x10⁶ Cfu/g. Only one stock fish sample showed sparce growth of Aspergillus sp. Bacterial genera obtained from the study and their frequencies included Bacillus sp. (21.6 %), Staphylococcus sp. (19.6 %), Micrococcus sp. (27.5 %), Proteus sp. (5.9 %), Klebsiella sp., (15.6 %), Pseudomonas sp. (3.9 %) and Salmonella sp. (5.9 %). Heavy metal compositions of samples were all within acceptable values. Heavy level showed that stockfish samples had more heavy metal constituent compared to the crayfish in our study except for Lead which was higher in crayfish compared to stockfish This study indicates that the samples were contaminated with bacteria which have been reported to be pathogenic to humans hence adequate hygiene must be observed during the collection, processing, transportation and sale of displayed stock fish and crayfish in market places is recommended.

Keywords: Crayfish, Stock Fish, Heavy Metal Level, Microbiological Quality.  

Title: HEAVY METAL LEVELS AND MICROFLORA OF CRAYFISH AND STOCKFISH DISPLAYED FOR SALES

Author: OMORODION NNENNA J. P, OGWU, PECULIAR P

ISSN 2394-966X

International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences                                                    

Novelty Journals

Abstract: Edible oil is one of the most important and commonly used processed foods. The study was done to assess the microbial quality and physicochemical composition of edible oil sold in River state. A total of 50 samples were collected from the four locations in sterile bottles and analyzed for microbial quality and physicochemical compositions. The Free Fatty Acids, Peroxide Value, Iodine Value and PH Value were determined. The pH of the groundnut oil samples ranged from 5.29 to 6.92 the free fatty acid ranged from 1.93 to 3.26, the peroxide value ranged from 1.89 to 4.1, the iodine value ranged from 14.33 to 30.92 and the moisture content range from 0.02 to 0.12 . The pH of the palm oil samples were slight acidic ranging from 4.96 to 5.56, the free fatty acid ranged 1.55 to 2.07 for, the peroxide value ranged from 27.83 to 56.01, the iodine value ranged from 16.2 to 43.56   while the moisture content ranged from 0.73 to 1.74 .Most of the  samples had highest value as compared to WHO standard. The Total Bacteria Count ranged from 2.9 (log₁₀) for Refined Palm Oil sample to 5.1 (log₁₀) for CP ₍Choba Palm Oil Sample).  TBC of the groundnut oil sample ranged from 3.0 (log₁₀) for REG (Refined Groundnut Oil Sample) to 5.3 (log₁₀) for Choba sample (CG), the total fungal count (TFC) of the Palm Oil and groundnut oil samples respectively, the fungal count of the palm oil sample ranged from 4.2 (log₁₀) for refined palm oil sample to 5.2 (log₁₀) for CP (Choba Palm Oil Sample). The total fungal counts for the groundnut oil sample ranged from 4.0 (log₁₀) for Refined groundnut oil (REG) samples to 5.3 (log₁₀) For Mgbuoba ground nut oil sample (MG). Organisms isolated from the oil samples include; Bacillus subtilis (20%), Micrococcus sp. (15%), Proteus sp.(27%), Staphylococcus aureus,(59% and Klebsiella sp ,(30%)  Mucor sp.(16%), Aspergillus niger, (55%), Penicillium sp ,(52%) and Aspergillus  flavus ,(42%)  .The microbial and physico-chemical quality of the edible oil is a clear indication of the poor  hygienic practice and processing methods of edible oil

Keywords: Edible oil; Microbial Quality, Physicochemical Composition.

Title: Microflora and Physicochemical Composition of Edible Oil Sold in River State Nigeria

Author: Omorodion Nnenna J. P, Stella Nnabuihe

ISSN 2394-966X

International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences                                                    

Novelty Journals