Abstract:This work was aimed at evaluating the antibacterial activity of banana peel using ethanol and aqueous as solvent of extraction. The antibacterial activity of both extract was assayed using agar well diffusion method. Clinical isolates including Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus mutans, Pseudomonas and aeruginosa were used for the antibacterial analysis. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, quinnones and alkaloid in both ethanolic and aqueous extracts. Streptococcus mutans was the most susceptible bacteria species with inhibition zones ranging from 8mm at 3.125mg/ml to 25mm at 100mg/ml of the ethanolic extract. Pseuodomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli were also observed to be very sensitive to the ethanolic extract and zones of inhibition ranged from 8mm to 24mm and 8mm to 25mm respectively at the same concentration range. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the ethanol and aqueous extracts was found to be 3.125 against all tested bacterial strains. Apart from Streptococcus mutans with minimum bactericidal concentration of 50mg/ml, all the other ted organisms had MBC of 100mg/ml in both the ethanolic and aqueous extract. The test organisms showed varying degree of resistance to conventionally used antibiotics and they were observed to be multiple drugs resistant. The most effective drugs were streptomycin and gentamicin while complete resistance was observed against the others. The sensitivity of these multidrug resistant pathogens to banana peel extract is of great importance to public health. Therefore, this extract should be seen as a potent antimicrobial agents.

Keywords:antibiotics, antibacterial, microorganisms, phytochemical, resistance, sensitivity.
Title:EVALUATING THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF Musa acuminata (BANANA) FRUIT PEELS AGAINST MULTIDRUG RESISTANT BACTERIAL ISOLATES
Author:LUCKY EVBUOMWAN, IKECHUKWU BRIGHT JACOB, GIFT ONORIODE ONODJE, CHUKWUKA EMEKA PATRICK
ISSN 2394-966X
International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences
Novelty Journals

Abstract:This study was carried out to explore the immunomodulatory potential of aqueous leaf extract of Ocimum basilicum. Sixty four (64) Swiss albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) weighing between 120-180gm were used. They were divided into eight (8) groups of four (4) rats each. Group A, B and C comprised of immunosuppressed albino rats while D, E and F comprised of normal rats. Groups G and H were the negative and positive controls respectively. Aqueous extract of 200mg/kg, 400mg/kg and 600mg/kg were the concentrations of leaf extract used while 100mg/kg cyclophosphamide served as the immunosuppressant. Rats in group G (negative control) received feed and water only while Group H (positive coantrol) received the immunosuppressant dose. Blood samples were withdrawn for determination of haematological parameters, humoral antibody response, CD4 count and phagocytic index. Phytochemical analysis of leaf extract was carried out using appropriate method. Results showed that hemoglobin (HGB) was highest in Group A (13.90 ± 0.74) and lowest in Group F (11.8 ± 1.18). RBC ranged from 4.03 ± 0.14 (Group H) to 6.63 ± 0.72 (Group C). CD4 cells counts increased in Group C (13.5 ± 0.95) and, Group F (10.0 ±0.70) treatment groups when compared with Group G (0.65 ± 0.28) and Group H (3.00 ± 0.57) control groups. Similar trend was observed in the humoral antibody response of the rats in Group C (7.11±0.30) and Group F (11.21±0.23) when compared to the positive (3.95±0.31) and negative (2.12±0.22) controls.

Keywords:Antibody, Antigen, Hemagglutination, Blood, Lymphocytes, Granulocytes, Immunosuppressant, phytochemicals.
Title:HEMATOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITY OF Ocimum basilicum
Author:ILEVBARE LOVETH; EVBUOMWAN LUCKY
ISSN 2394-966X
International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences
Novelty Journals

Abstract:The current study was aimed at determining the effect of grafting season and rootstock age on the success of cleft grafting and growth of mango cv. apple seedlings. A two-factor experiment was conducted using RCBD with three replications under 60% shade net house at Melkassa, Ethiopia. The hot season during March (T.max 30°C; T.min 15.6°C; 50.5% RH) and cool season during November (T.max 28.5°C; T.min 11.4°C; 48.5% RH) were considered; while 12, 16, 20, 24 and 28 weeks old stocks were used. Cleft grafting was performed using scion woods collected from healthy and vigorous mother plants and bud break, grafting success, scion growth parameters viz., scion height, scion diameter, chlorophyll content and dry biomass were evaluated using Analysis of variance followed by mean separation at (p ≤ 0.05). Cleft grafting performed in the hot season took an average of 16 days for bud break, while significantly longer time (20 days) was required for the cool season. Similarly, grafting success was significantly higher in the hot season (65.88%) as compared to the cool season (59.92%). Hot season grafting improved scion growth characters height and stock diameter albeit only at early growth stage.  It has also influenced chlorophyll content with average value of 45.02 and 39.72 nmol/cm2 for hot and cool season respectively. Older rootstocks (24 and 28 weeks old) improved grafting success with 82.88% and 75.07% graft take respectively, while the lowest success of 42.68% was recorded on grafts made on 12 weeks old rootstocks. Dry matter accumulation was significantly higher for hot season (43.18 g/plant); similarly older rootstocks (28 and 24 weeks) accumulated higher dry biomass (46.19 and 43.46 g/plant) respectively. Growth parameters such as leaf number, scion height and diameter were not affected by the rootstock ages used in the study.

Keywords:Mango, grafting season, rootstock age, cleft grafting, graft success.
Title:Influence of Grafting Season and Rootstock Age on the Success and Growth of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Apple using Cleft Grafting
Author:Mikias Damtew, Wegayehu Assefa
ISSN 2394-966X
International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences
Novelty Journals

Abstract:The study was conducted to evaluate the vitamin and mineral compositions of leaves of a wild and neglected vegetable Ipomoea obscura. Vitamins and minerals were determined using standard methods. Vitamins evaluated included Vitamin A, B1, B2, B3and C. Results obtained thus,reported(15.7±0.01mg/ 100g),(10.4±0.01mg/ 100g),(15.2±0.02mg/100g), (7.3±0.02mg/100g) and (128.5±0.01mg/100g) respectively. Result further revealed leaves of Ipomoea obscura tocontainCa(26.4±0.01mg/100g),Mg(2.3±0.02mg/ 100g),P(5.2±0.01mg/100g),K(180.4±0.04mg/ 100g),Fe(10.0±0.01mg/100g),andZn(0.1±0.01mg/100g),Na(2.9± 0.06mg/100g),Cu(0.7±0.01mg/100g),Mn (0.01±0.01 mg/100g). In conclusion, reported vitamins were present in quantities higher than those reported in literatures for a widely consumed and respected vegetable Telfairia occidentalis. This was contrary to the amounts of minerals present in the leaves of Ipomoea obscura. Thus, on the basis of its richness in the reported vitamins, it becomes imperative to actively embrace its consumption in order to make up for the deficiency in such nutrients that characterize the popularly consumed vegetables Teliferia occidentalis.

Keywords:Vegetable. Minerals, Vitamins, Ipomoea obscura.
Title:EVALUATION OF MINERAL AND VITAMIN COMPOSITIONS OF LEAF OF OBSCURE MORNING GLORY (Ipomoea obscura)
Author:Ewa, O, Amah, A.K, Ejiofor, D.C, Opara, J.K, Orabuike J.C
ISSN 2394-966X
International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences
Novelty Journals

Abstract:Although human sex identification is now well known all over the world, few osteometric studies specially designed for sex identification were made by cone beam CT. The aim of this study was to achieve sexual determination using eight anthropometric measurements on mandibular CBCT images .Sample consisted of 120 CBCT scans, equally divided between sexes, collected from modern Egyptian population. Two calibrated Oro maxillofacial radiologists conducted the experiment. For statistical analysis: intra-class correlation was used to evaluate intra- and inter-reviewers reliability , analysis of variance to compare measurements with sex, logistic regression formulas were made to predict sex , and Pearson co-relation coefficient was done to detect the relation between measurements and age variable. Four measurements showed significant difference (ramus length, body height at canine, bigonial breadth and distance from condyle to coronoid). The resultant percentage of accuracy was 85.8%. The correct predictive accuracy for males was 86.7% and 85% for females.
Keywords:CBCT, Dentistry, Egypt Forensic, Mandible, Sexual dimorphism.
Title:Sex Determination of the Egyptian Population Using Mandibular CBCT Scans: Retrospective Study
Author:Mona Mahmoud Abu El-fotouh, Fatma Mostafa El-badawy, Ehab Samir Ali Abu El-ola El-nemr
ISSN 2394-966X
International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences
Novelty Journals