Abstract: Wheat is the major staple food crop worldwide and frequently cultivated on saline soil. Cereals are grown in almost every region of the world and are exposed to a variety of environmental stresses that severely affect their growth and grain yield. As a result, breeding for enhanced salinity tolerance in crop species has received considerable attention as it is an economic and efficient alternative. Characters such as germination, survival and seedling growth or biomass accumulation, have been the most commonly used criteria for identifying salinity tolerance in plants. The present studies was carried out with the major objective of providing information on the extent and basis of genetic variation for salinity tolerance in the wheat varieties at the germination, seedling and production stage. During laboratory screening out of 200 wheat genotypes having higher total germination percentage at different salinity stress levels 18 were selected and promoted to seedling stage screening for further evaluation. Germination percentage was showed significant (P< 0.05) difference among tested wheat genotypes under all salt level. At seedling stage when the salt stress increase the time required for wheat germination was increased. Based on yield data from tested genotypes SANDALL-3, ETBW 5954 and VEE7 showed superior grain yield and the inferior was from ANGL. Ultimately, the results of this research will be a helpful and starting point for working on the validation and registration on future for salt tolerant wheat varieties.

Keywords: wheat, salinity, tolerance.

Title: Evaluation of Wheat (triticum aestivum L.) Accession for Salt Tolerance at Different Growth Stages

Author: Lemma Mamo, Bethel Nekir, Teshome Bekele, Ashenafi Worku

ISSN 2394-966X

International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences                                                    

Novelty Journals

Abstract: Faba bean is a leading pulse crop grown in the central highland Vertisols of Ethiopia. However, waterlogging and lack of location-specific plant density recommendations constrained its productivity. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted during 2016 and 2017 to determine the effects of varieties of different seed size and plant density on yield and yield components of faba bean on Vertisols at Moretinajiru and Siyadebrinawayu districts. Factorial combinations of two varieties of faba bean (‘Hachalu’- large-seeded and ‘Lallo’-small-seeded) and five plant densities/seed rates (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 plants m^-2) were tested in RCBD. Plant densities were converted to a seed rate of 144.7, 289.4, 434.1, 578.8 and 723.5 kg ha^-1, respectively, for variety ‘Hachalu’ while to a seed rate of 73.4, 146.8, 220.1, 293.5 and 366.9 kg ha^-1, respectively, for variety ‘Lallo’. Plant density/seed rate showed a significant (p<0.05) effects on most of the studied parameters while variety and variety by plant density interaction showed a significant (p<0.05) effects only on some parameters considered. Grain yield of both varieties showed a quadratic response to increasing plant densities. Varieties ‘Hachalu’ and ‘Lallo’ with the respective plant density of 40 and 60 plants m^-2 gave the corresponding highest net benefit of 26944.66 Ethiopian Birr ha^-1 with a marginal rate of return of 120.87 %, and  31332.69 Ethiopian Birr ha^-1 with marginal rate of return of 131.96 %.

Keywords: Broad-bed and furrow, Broadcast, economically optimum, Hachalu, Lallo, Waterlogging.

Title: Influence of plant density and varieties of different seed size on yield components and yield of Faba bean on Vertisols of Ethiopia

Author: MebrateTamrat, Abiro Tigabe, Worku Zikargie

ISSN 2394-966X

International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences                                                    

Novelty Journals

Abstract: Eighteen landraces of barley (Hordeum vulgare (L)) and one standard & one local check were evaluated in four replications using RCBD at Bekoji (7⁰ 32’N and 39⁰ 15’E at an altitude of 2,810 masl) with the objectives of studying the genetic variability in yield and yield-related traits and identify landrace lines with high malt quality traits for the breeding program. The ANOVA showed a very highly significant difference between the genotypes in all the agronomic traits studied which indicated the existence of genetic variability which can be exploited in the breeding program. A wide range of variability was observed in morpho-agronomic traits of the studied barley genotypes. Biological yield varied between 5.5 and 12.17 t/ha, grain yield between 2.31 & 5.28 t/ha, number of seeds per spike between 26.38-68.83, and harvest index 35.13-63.6%. Two landraces Netchgebs (5.13) and Mixed Bati (5.28) out-yielded the standard check, EH1847 (5.11 t/ha) indicating the possibility of identifying superior genotypes to be released as varieties or to be used as a parent in the crossing program. The phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) ranged from 0.53-28.08 and 0.44-27.63, respectively. The lowest PCV and GCV (0.53 and 0.44) were obtained for germination capacity while the highest PCV and GVC (28.08 and 27.63) values were obtained for the number of seeds per spike. High broad-sense heritability (>85%) was observed for most of the morpho-agronomic and quality traits such as awn length, spike length, protein content, harvest index, extract content, biological and grain yield indicating that these traits are governed mainly by a genetic factor and direct selection can give rapid progress. Biological yield, days to maturity, harvest index, plant height, and flag leaf length had a positive correlation with grain yield both at the genotypic and phenotypic levels. Similarly, hectoliter weight, thousand kernel weight, sieve test, friability, malt moisture content, germination energy, and capacity had a positive correlation with malt extract content both at the genotypic and phenotypic levels. This study showed the potential of the Ethiopian barley landraces to develop high quality malt barley.

Keywords: Ethiopian Barley Landraces, Correlation analysis, Malt quality.

Title: POTENTIAL OF ETHIOPIAN BARLEY (Hordeum vulgare (L.)) LANDRACES as gene source for MALTING QUALITY TRAITS

Author: Shimelis Gezahegn

ISSN 2394-966X

International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences                                                    

Novelty Journals

Abstract: The third stage of labor refers to the interval immediately after the birth of the fetus to the separation and expulsion of the placenta and fetal membranes. Prolongation of the third stage of labor leads to an increased complication rate, particularly the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage. In addition, Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) accounts for between one quarter to one third of all maternal deaths worldwide and is the major cause of maternal mortality.

Aim of work: To compare the effectiveness of placental cord drainage method as a part of management of third stage of labor in reducing the duration and amount of blood loss of the third stage, against cord clamping method.

Patients and Methods: This is a Prospective Randomized controlled trial. The study was conducted at Helwan University Maternity hospital at labor ward during the period between July 2019 and December 2019. The study included 70 patients attended the labor ward at Helwan University Hospital for uncomplicated vaginal delivery and were divided equally into two groups: a study group and a control group. In the study group, the placental cord was drained before placental delivery, whereas in the control group, the placental cord was clamped. The duration and amount of blood loss of third stage of labor were recorded.                                                                  

Results: The mean duration of third stage of labor in placental cord drainage group was 3.1±0.3 minutes and in control group it was 4.3±0.7 minutes (p<0.001). The mean blood-loss in placental cord drainage group was 181±16 ml compared to 272±33 ml in the control group (p<0.001). The mean post-delivery drop in hemoglobin was 1.46±0.33 gm/dl in the control group, while it was 0.85±0.22 gm/dl in the study group. The mean drop in hematocrit value was 3.40±1.67 % in the control group and 1.96±0.60 % in the study group (p<0.001).

Conclusion: Placental cord drainage is a simple, safe, and non-invasive method which reduces the duration and amount of blood loss of the third stage of labor when compared with Cord clamping method

Keywords: Third stage of labor- Placental cord drainage- Blood loss.

Title: Influence of placental cord drainage in management of the third stage of labor: A Randomized controlled trial

Author: Mohammed Fath El Bab El-Sayed, Gehane Mahmoud Hamed, Ahmed Hassan Sayed Ahmed, Hadeer Abd El-Shafy Fouad

ISSN 2394-966X

International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences                                                    

Novelty Journals

Abstract: Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], a cereal crop of family Poaceae, is believed to be originated in Ethiopia and Sudan. It is an important food security crop mainly in semi-arid and tropical parts of the African countries. The crop is indigenous to Ethiopian as far as its domestication has long time and genetic diversity exhibited variation among cultivated and wild relatives of the crop concentrated in the country. The existence of tremendous amount sorghum variability exhibiting native genetic variation to drought, disease and insect resistance, having good grain quality and high lysine, made Ethiopia as genetic resource reservoir ranking first in contributing germplasm collection worldwide in today’s sorghum breeding program. Ethiopian ‘zera zera’ sorghum landraces and line developed from them being involved in hybrid development at ICRISAT and other countries in modern sorghum breeding program. Currently, sorghum is the third important cereal crop in both area coverage and production becoming the second in ‘injera’ making after ‘tef’ in Ethiopia. Ethiopia has a diverse sorghum germplasm which adapted to a range of altitudes and rainfall conditions. Characterization and identification of sorghum germplasms which provide desirable traits for genetic improvement is a basis in plant breeding. DNA based molecular marker and PCR based are the best to characterize and identify sorghum genotypes which provide desirable traits as compared to field experimental evaluation due to time and environmental effect. Genetic improvement is the cost-effective means of enhancing sorghum productivity for different end-uses. A better understanding of the genetic diversity in sorghum would greatly contribute to crop improvement with a view to food quality and other important agronomic traits. The Ethiopian Center of Crop Diversity contains enormous wealth of genetic variability in the sorghums. It needs some concerted effort to adequately collect and preserve this genetic variability before it is invaded and destroyed.

Keywords: sorghum, genetic variability, germplasm, diversity, PCR, ICRISAT, ‘zera zera’.

Title: Genetic Variability of Ethiopian Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.)] landraces: Review

Author: Tilahun Mola, Meseret Ejeta

ISSN 2394-966X

International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences                                                    

Novelty Journals