Abstract:Adenomas are more common than adenocarcinoma and only a few out-come malignant. Therefore the use of molecular bio-markers may further aid in determining risk of development of carcinoma in these premalignant lesions. Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase is a mitochondrial and peroxisome enzyme involved in beta oxidation of dietary branched fatty acid and their derivatives. A range of neoplastic tissue expresses AMACR. Design: This study was conducted in the department of Pathology Pt. BD. Sharma, University of Health Science, (Rohtak), on fifty cases of GIT adenocarcinoma biopsies/resected specimens and ten cases of adjacent normal mucosa of GI adenocarcinoma specimen which acted as control. Sections from each case were subjected to H&E and immuno-histochemical staining for AMACR expression and analyzed using SPSS. Results: The mean age of participants was 50.36+-16.84. The difference in anatomical location and Colon adenocarcinoma according to laterality of tumor was found to be statistically significant. However, the difference in AMACR expression according to location of tumor, Difference in grades of AMACR expression in various grades of GI adenocarcinoma and difference in AMACR expression according to site and grade of tumor was not statistically significant. Conclusion: AMACR expression appears to be useful marker in the multistep process of carcinogenesis in colorectal carcinoma. However, diffuse varieties including signet ring cell type fail to express this marker. So, AMACR expression could be a indicator of GI adenocarcinomas; however its role as a prognostic marker.

Keywords: AMACR, GIT, Adenocarcinoma, Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase, Adenomas, Cancer.
Title: Significance of Alpha-Methylacyl Co-A Racemase Expression in Gastrointestinal Adenocarcinoma
Author: Rajeev Panwar, Veena Gupta, Yogesh Kumar
International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences
ISSN 2394-966X
Novelty Journals

Abstract: Sixteen adult cross-bred Holstein Friesian lactating cows, early to mid lactating stage with body condition score 2.5–3.0, were equally divided into two groups: cows from group A were fed only basal diet (n=8) and cows from group B were fed basal diet daily supplemented with live yeast (S. cerevisiae) culture providing 50g/head/day (n=8). Before taking the samples, both groups were fed basal diet for 3 weeks as adaptation period. Cows from both groups were fed their experimental diet for 2 weeks as a preliminary period. Milk yield from each cow were daily recorded for 8 weeks. Composition such as milk fat%, protein%, lactose%, density, non-fat solids (NFS), temperature, pH, salts%, freezing point and electrical conductivity (EC) of milk samples from individual cow were examined weekly intervals for 8 weeks by Lactoscan. Milk yield and milk composition between the two groups were compared by student t test. Quarter milk samples from each cow were taken for detection of mastitis by California Mastitis Test (CMT) at 3 day intervals for 8 weeks. Quarter based and cow based CMT scores from the two groups were compared by the Chi square test. Overall, feeding live S. cerevisiae can significantly reduce the incidence of subclinical mastitis in lactating cows. However, feeding live yeast has no significant effect (p>0.05) on milk composition and milk yield.

Keywords: Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), Milk Composition, Milk Yield, Clinical and Sub-clinical Mastitis, Dairy Cow, Myanmar.
Title: Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae on Milk Composition, Milk Yield and Occurrence of Clinical and Sub-Clinical Mastitis in Lactating Cows
Author: Yin Nyein Aye, Hlaing Hlaing Myint, Saw Po Po, Win Ohnmar Kyaw, Ye Htut Aung
ISSN 2394-966X
International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences
Novelty Journals

Abstract: Fungi capable of effectively degrading and cleaning up alkanes was isolated from soil samples contaminated with waste engine oil (WEO) at auto-mechanic workshops (at Mgbuka-Nkpor), Nigeria. The ability of the potential isolates to utilize WEO, diesel and petrol were assessed using gravimetric method. The ability of both the pure and consortium culture of the best potential strains to degrade the n-alkanes component of WEO, diesel and petrol was assessed using Gas Chromatography. Enzymatic activity of the extracellular enzymes; catalase, lipase and peroxidase were also investigated. A total of 8 fungal isolates were obtained from soil samples contaminated with WEO. Of these isolates, 4 that showed high hydrocarbonoclastic potentials in the screen flask were confirmed as Candida tropicalis, Rhodosporidium toruloides, Fusarium oxysporium and Aspergillus clavatus using 18S r RNA gene sequence. C. tropicalis  and A. clavatus exhibited the fastest onset and highest extent of biodegradation of WEO, diesel and petrol, and were therefore selected for further studies. High biodegradation efficiency (> 70%) was recorded in short-chain (C8) and long-chain (C24 – C39) alkanes in WEO, diesel and petroleum with both the pure and consortium culture of the isolates; C. tropicalis and A. clavatus, within 16 days of incubation at 28oC. However, there was a complete (100%) depletion of most of the medium-chain (C10 – C23) alkanes in the hydrocarbon substrates with the pure and consortium culture of the isolates within 16 days of incubation at 28oC. Highest catalase and lipase production of 18.9±0.5UmL-1 and 11.66±1.04UmL-1 respectively was obtained with A. clavatus in the presence of petroleum oil. However, both organisms produced a high yield (> 30UmL-1) of peroxidase enzyme in diesel and petrol, while a peroxidase production of 17.59±1.12UmL-1 and 15.83±1.17UmL-1 was obtained with C. tropicalis and A. clavatus respectively in the presence of WEO.

Keywords:biodegradation, bioremediation, catalase, diesel, extracellular enzymes, fungal isolates, lipase, n-alkanes, peroxidase, petrol, waste engine oil.
Title: Biodegradation of N-Alkanes by Fungi Isolated from Waste Engine Oil Polluted Soil and Their Extracellular Enzyme Activities
Author: Mbachu, Augustine E., Mbachu, Nancy A., Chukwura, Edna I.
International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences
ISSN 2394-966X
Novelty Journals

Abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate effects of poultry manure rates on growth and yield of Cucurbita pepo L. A complete randomized block design field trial with three blocks was conducted in Rwanda, Northern Province, Musanze district, Busogo sector. The treatments was five different poultry manure rates (0, 1.5, 3, 4.5 and 6 t/ha). The observed parameters were plant height, leaf area index, edible fresh yield and dry biomass of edible yield, above ground fresh biomass, and above ground dry biomass. The data was analyzed using JMP 5.1 and the means separated using Tukey HSD at 0.05 level of significance difference. The higher yield of 49.8 t/ha was obtained in the plants treated with 6 t/ha of poultry manure followed by the plants treated with 4.5 t/ha (47.9 t/ha) while the lowest yield of 5.6 t/ha was obtained in the control. The results of this study revealed that the highest poultry manure rate enhanced plant height by about, number of male, number of female, edible dry mass, above ground fresh biomass, above ground dry biomass and  total yield compared to the control. However, poultry manure rate of 4.5 t/ha is recommended in courgette production.

Keywords: Poultry manure, courgette, edible yield, biomass.
Title: Evaluation of Influence of Poultry Manure Levels on Growth and Yield of Courgettes in Rwanda
Author: CONSTANTIN DUSHIMIMANA
ISSN 2394-966X
International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences
Novelty Journals