Abstract: Seagrasses are distinctive angiosperm marine plants that grow submerged in the seawater. They are one of the important marine ecosystems components that stabilize the marine and coastal environment. During the investigation seagrass species composition, percentage cover and distribution, besides some water characteristics such as temperature, salinity, transparency and hydrogen ion concentration (pH) were examined at eleven sites of Sudanese Red Sea coastal area. The seagrasses were sampled using the permanent line transects and quadrates. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) between sites and correlation coefficient for seagrass percentage cover cross environmental factors were tested on data. Nine seagrass species were encountered during the study. The highest numbers of species (7 species) and utmost average of total percentage cover (36.56 %) were encountered at Dungonab Bay. Thalassia hemprichii was the most dominant and widely distributed species along the coastline. The least distributed species were Halophila minor, Syringodium isoetifolium, and Thalassodendron ciliatum each encountered only in one site. The statistical tests of ANOVA demonstrated insignificant difference of seagrass percentage cover and environmental factors between sites but there were high significant differences of seagrass percentage cover between species. The correlation of seagrass percentage cover with environmental factors showed negative correlation with water temperature and pH, and positive correlation with salinity and transparency.  

Keywords: Composition, Distribution, Percentage cover, Red Sea coast, Seagrass, Species, Sudan.

Title: Seagrass Species Composition and Distribution in Coastal Water of the Red Sea in the Sudan

Author: Abdelmoneim Karamalla Gaiballa, Osman Mirghani Mohamed Ali

International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences                                                   

ISSN 2394-966X

Vol. 10, Issue 4, July 2023 - August 2023

Page No: 52-60

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 30-August-2023

Abstract: The issue of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) is very serious and concerns public health and contributes significantly to the universal burden of infectious diseases’ morbidity and mortality. Healthcare-associated infection is defined as an infection arising in a patient 48 hours after admission to the healthcare setting which was not present or incubating at the time of admission. The study aimed to identify the number of different healthcare associate infections (HAIs) developed over a month period. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. A non-probability purposive sampling technique was used and the sample size was determined by taking all those cases with positive reports of culture which was identified through passive surveillance in the laboratory. Over the span of one month, a total of 101 (25.6%) cultures were found positive for different pathogens out of 395 cultures performed and 21 HAIs developed in the month of December 2022 per 4590 patient days. In conclusion to the findings of this study, it was observed that healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) affect the patients extensively and add up in the length of patient stay at the hospital and prognosis of the patient resulting in higher costs, increased frustration, and many more deleterious effects.

Keywords: healthcare-associated, infections, morbidity, mortality, incubating.

Title: Surveillance of Healthcare-associated Infections at a Tertiary Care Hospital

Author: Nyla James, Sumbal Sana, Sana Zafar, Moanam, Ayesha Naveed Chaudhry, Ajmal Iqbal, Yasir Nawab

International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences                                                   

ISSN 2394-966X

Vol. 10, Issue 4, July 2023 - August 2023

Page No: 48-51

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 21-August-2023

Abstract: Neonatal jaundice (NNJ) is the yellowish discoloration of the skin, mucous membrane, and sclera due excessive bilirubin deposition. Jaundice remains the leading cause of hospital readmission among the neonates in their first 2 weeks of life. Its mortality stands at 7% globally, despite various therapeutic and preventive measures put in place. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence and risk factors of neonatal jaundice in Kiambu county hospital. An analytical cross-sectional study design has been used in this study. Simple random sampling technique was used to obtain the study participants and 270 participants were recruited into the study. Data collected were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social sciences (SPSS) version 28 through descriptive and inferential statistical tests. Out of 270 neonates in this study, 43.33% representing 117 neonates were diagnosed with neonatal Jaundice. Neonatal factors including; birth weight p=0.015, gestational age p<0.001, difficulty in breastfeeding p=0.001, duration of sunlight exposure p<0.001, and neonatal sepsis<0.001 were statistically significant. Statistically significant maternal factors include; use of alcohol during pregnancy p=0.005, antenatal infections p=0.003, and mode of delivery p=0.026. The maternal knowledge of neonatal jaundice was assessed as being adequate for most of the caregivers of the neonates. In conclusion, the prevalence of neonatal Jaundice in Kiambu County hospital was relatively high at 43.33%. The associated risk factors include neonatal gestational age, neonatal sepsis, difficulty breastfeeding, duration of sunlight exposure, maternal antenatal infections, mode of delivery, and use of alcohol during pregnancy. Rigorous maternal education on prevention of neonatal jaundice is recommended during the antenatal, intrapartum and postnatal period. Further research on prevalence and risk factors associated with neonatal jaundice in other county referral hospitals in Kenya is recommended.

Keywords: Neonatal jaundice (NNJ), yellowish discoloration. sunlight exposure, maternal antenatal infections.

Title: PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF NEONATAL JAUNDICE AMONG NEONATES 0-28 DAYS OLD, IN KIAMBU LEVEL 5 HOSPITALS, KIAMBU COUNTY, KENYA

Author: Rodney Mutai, Mose Francis, Nathan Okworo, Eric Boaz Kipkorir, Gloria Towett

International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences                                                   

ISSN 2394-966X

Vol. 10, Issue 4, July 2023 - August 2023

Page No: 26-47

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 16-August-2023

Abstract: Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that infected broad range of animals, This study was aimed to detection of T. gondii from aborted placenta of infected women. A total of 65 placenta samples were collected from A borted women from Al-Diwaniya hospital for women and children city, during the period October 2022 until June 2023. The current study showed the infection with the T. gondii parasite was 60.00% (39 of 65 Samples) when examining the placenta microscopic examination by Impression method, and the infection rate was 67.69% (44 of 65 Samples) by Nested-PCR. The results of this study showed that the number and rate of infection in rural was 26 (59.09%) higher than in urban 18 (40.90%) infection was found among the age group 41-50 years 15(34.09 %). The isolation and identification of T. gondii were done using microscopic visualization followed by confirmation using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique targeting the ssuRNA gene, All samples appeared to be contained this gene show one distinct band (313 bp) when electrophoresed on agarose gel.  The results of this study indicated that the PCR technique had a high specify in the detection of T. gondii especially this species that encoded to ssuRNA gene isolated from aborted women.

Keywords: Toxoplasma gondii, Placenta, ssuRNA gene, Toxoplasmosis.

Title: Epidemiological study and Molecular characterization of Toxoplasma gondii infection in Aborted Women in Al-Diwanyah Province, Iraq

Author: Hind Al-shabani, Marwa sami alwan, Lubna.A.Al-ibrahimi

International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences                                                   

ISSN 2394-966X

Vol. 10, Issue 4, July 2023 - August 2023

Page No: 22-25

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 03-August-2023

Abstract: One of the basic functions of the food research scientist in the modern era is the identification of both beneficial food sources as well as the prevention of foods from being route of infectious diseases. Yoghurt is a well-known biologically active foods widely consumed the world over. Its long known beneficial roles could be linked to the presence of high concentrations of live bacteria they contain which provides various metabolites in the human diet. However, due to factors such as inadequate storage facility, this important food material can, apart from losing the essential nutrients, could become vehicle for the transmission of some important human disease-causing agents. In this present study, four samples (Y1-Y4) of vended, commercially available yoghurts were evaluated for their functional, technological and microbial properties during a Twenty-eight-day storage time. Some qualities of the yoghurt samples were determined by measuring the pH level during the storage period while forced syneresis were measured as technological property. The total microbial counts were determined by culturing aliquot samples on nutrient agar and other appropriate selective media. The results showed that at day 0 of storage, the pH of the products ranged from 4.65 down to 4.31, while those of the 28^th day storage ranged from 4.53 to 4.01. The bacteria content increased from 2.53x10⁷ on day 1 to 3.16x10⁷ on the 14^th day of storage then decreased to 5.2x10⁶ on the 28^th day. The cell-free supernatant of some of the samples produced zones of inhibition greater than 14mm against three indicator bacteria strains E. coli, Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus. There was maximum acceptability of the product based on the panelists’ assessment observed on the 28^th day of sample storage. The use of cold storage enhanced the properties of yoghurt as could be observed in this work.

Keywords: Outbreak, contamination, deterioration, Nutrient and storage.

Title: QUALITY AND STORAGE CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME COLD-STORED YOGHURTS

Author: Shanu M. A, Ahmadu J. H., Adeoye, B.A., Makanjuola, D.O., Egbulefu, C.S., Mbochi C. A, Labbo, Z, Nyam, P. N., Fadesire, A. K. Olukotun, G.B

International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences                                                   

ISSN 2394-966X

Vol. 10, Issue 4, July 2023 - August 2023

Page No: 16-21

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 29-July-2023

Abstract: Soil samples were analyzed to evaluate the effect of the application of organic and inorganic amendments on the soil physicochemical properties in the remediation of crude oil polluted soils of Bayelsa State. Two (2) crude oil spilled locations, Imiringi in Ogbia Local Government Area with latitudes 4. 8519 N and longitudes 6.3745 E and Koloama in Southern Ijaw Local Government Area with latitudes 4.582222 N and longitudes 6.064722 E respectively were selected for this research. Soil samples were collected at a depth of 0 – 30 cm, bulked for pot experiment in the screen house. Five (5) kilograms of soil were weighed into twenty-four (24) plastic buckets of seven (7) liters each for Imiringi and Koloama, making a total of forty-eight (48) plastic buckets used. The experimental design was a 2 x 8 factorial experiment laid out in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) replicated three times. Results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis of variance using the Tukey’s Test to separate means of significant difference at 5 % probability level. The amendment materials used were organic manures [cow dung (CD) and poultry dropping (PD)] inorganic fertilizer (NPK) and their combinations (CD + PD, PD + NPK, NPK + CD and CD + PD + NPK) on the soil physicochemical properties in the crude oil polluted soils. The study shows that Imiringi soils were significantly different from Koloama soils. Imiringi soils are sandy loam while that of Koloama soils are sandy clay loam. The high significant difference between the locations and among the treatments on the soil physicochemical properties in the study areas at 30 days, 60 days and 90 days respectively, indicates that the application of these amendment materials was effective.

Keywords: Crude Oil, Imiringi, Inorganic Fertilizer (NPK), Koloama, Organic manures, Physicochemical properties, Polluted Soils.

Title: EFFECT OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES ON CRUDE OIL POLLUTED SOILS REMEDIATED WITH ORGANIC MANURES AND INORGANIC FERTILIZER IN BAYELSA STATE

Author: Teknikio, J. B., Diri, K. H.

International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences                                                   

ISSN 2394-966X

Vol. 10, Issue 4, July 2023 - August 2023

Page No: 7-15

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 14-July-2023

Abstract: The experiment was laid out in 6x6 lattice design with three replications to evaluate 36 bread wheat genotypes. The objectives were to determine the extent of variability, heritability and genetic advance of traits and to assess the variability of bread wheat via multi variate analysis. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences (≤0.01) among genotypes for all the traits considered, indicating the presence of adequate variability among the genotypes. In this study, the values for phenotypic coefficients of variance ranged from 4.49 % for days to heading to 16.19 % for grain yield while genotypic coefficients of  variance ranged from 3.29 % days to heading to 14.52 % for grain yield. Phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variance had moderate values for grain yield (16.19, 14.52) and grain filling period (12.59, 11.52) respectively. Heritability was high for most of the traits studied except days to heading (54%) and plant height (67%), which had moderate heritability values. High heritability values coupled with high genetic advance were recorded for grain yield and grain filling period which indicated that additive gene action plays a key role in controlling the expression and existence of high expected genetic gain through selection. Two principal components with eigenvalues greater than unity explained 68% of the total variation. Quantitative traits based cluster analysis classified the genotypes in to five distinct clusters. In general, existence of adequate genetic variation was revealed which can be used in bread wheat improvement.

Keywords: Cluster Analysis, Coefficients of Variances. Genetic Advance, Heritability, Principal Component Analysis.

Title: Genetic Variability, Principal Component and Cluster Analysis of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes in Enda Mehoni District, Northern Ethiopia

Author: Assefa Amare

International Journal of Novel Research in Life Sciences                                                   

ISSN 2394-966X

Vol. 10, Issue 4, July 2023 - August 2023

Page No: 1-6

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 12-July-2023