Abstract:This study examined the impact of trade liberalization on agricultural productivity in Nigeria using an annual time series data from 1985 to 2017. Taking into account the causal relationship between trade liberalization and agricultural productivity. The variables used in this study are foreign direct investment, degree of trade openness, tariff as proxy for trade liberalization and fertilizer consumption and capital expenditure as proxy for agricultural productivity. The bounds test/ ARDL approach to co-integration was used in the study to examine the long-run equilibrium relationship between trade liberalization and agricultural productivity in Nigeria. The ARDL ECM was however used to determine the short run dynamics of the variables; while the pair-wise granger causality test was used to determine the dimension of causality between the relationship of trade liberalization and agricultural productivity. Results from the study however showed a positive and significant relationship between trade liberalization and agricultural productivity in Nigeria. The study revealed that Foreign Direct Investment, Tariff, Fertilizer Consumption, and Capital Expenditure conformed to the a priori expectation and were significant apart from Foreign Direct Investment and Tariff which were found to be insignificant. Degree of Trade Openness did not conform to the a priori expectation but was found to be significant. The study thus suggests that more foreign investment should be encouraged and directed towards the agricultural sector to improve agricultural sector productivity.
Keywords:Trade Liberalization, Agricultural Productivity, Foreign Direct Investment, Tariff, Fertilizer Consumption, Capital, and Degree of Openness.

Abstract:The study investigates the effect(s) of financial development and trade openness on economic growth in Nigeria over the period of 1980 – 2017. It made use of empirical data to explore the channels through which financial development would influence economic growth in Nigeria specifically in the context of international trade openness and foreign direct investment. The economic model is designed such that it investigates the long run relationship among the three variables, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) Bounds co-integration approach was adopted for the analysis. Result findings show that there are strong evidences of the long-run relationship between financial development, Trade Openness and economic growth in Nigeria. The broad money supply has a positive but insignificant effect on the nation’s Gross Domestic Product in the short run while Credit to Private Sector ratio has a negative but significant effect on Gross Domestic Product in the short run in Nigeria. The short run and long run model shows that both the trade Openness policies and financial development policies are significant variables in the development of the Nigerian economy; this calls for effective policy measures to address the challenge of economic growth.
Keywords:Financial Development, Economic Growth, Nigeria, Trade Openness.

Abstract:Work place motivation is a combination of positive energies that relay over into workplace culture and employee wellbeing.  With a set combination of feelings and received interactions throughout the work environment thus encouraging a decline of retention and higher scales of employee motivation. This research discussed Maslow Hierarchy of needs as it applied to employee’s engagement and how that motivates them to performance well at the workplace.
Keywords:Work place motivation, positive energies, employee motivation, higher scales.

Abstract:India has witnessed a radical transformation in the retailing business, with mall culture engulfing the Indian market even more rapidly. Increased globalization and multinational companies entering the Indian terrains, along with better-paid jobs via the IT revolution, has increased the purchasing power and demand for allied services.  Products and malls righteously fulfil these consumer needs. As per the market experts, the Indian consumer market is going through its golden phase. Evolution of urban lifestyles increase in disposable incomes of Indian households, the fruition of new customer segments such as independent women and youngsters and better aware consumers, have revolutionized the consumer buying behavior both at urban and rural areas.
Keywords:Retailing business, Globalization, Multinational companies, Products, Shopping Malls, Consumer Behaviour, GDP, Unorganized sector, Organized sector.

Abstract:The aims of this research were; 1) to analyze the present situation of consumer cooperatives in Thailand and 2) to examine the relationship between size and consumer cooperatives' profit. This study used secondary data. These data were collected from the Cooperating Auditing Department and Cooperation Promotion Department. Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Chi-square and Fisher's Exact Test) were used for data analysis. The finding indicated that profit per store was not high. Additionally, most consumer cooperatives had single branch. It also found that size had significant relationship with consumer cooperatives' profit. Thus, consumer cooperatives should add online business to compete with modern trade.
Keywords:consumer cooperatives, Cooperating Auditing Department, Cooperating Promotion Department, profit, size, Thailand.

Abstract:The purpose of this qualitative single purpose phenomenological study was to establish the main determinants accounting for job satisfaction among nurses in a government health center within the Volta Region of the Republic of Ghana. The study population was 35 nurses and purposive sampling method was used to select 20 study participants. The study was based on hierarchy of human needs and two factor theories (Herzberg, Mausner, & Snydermerman, 1959; Maslow, 1943), and used the electronic, online anonymous survey, and email in gathering data. The data was analyzed, and interpreted using the Nviro. Findings from the study suggest key factors contributing to job satisfaction of nurses were better compensation and benefits; regular training; revised HRM policies; safe working environment; trade unionism, socialization, coworkers – supervisor relationship and periodic performance appraisals; notation of accomplishments; availability of infrastructures and amenities; reduction of the workload; avoidance of unnecessary reshuffles; early posting of trained nurses; autonomy.
Keywords:determinants accounting, government health center, nurses.

Abstract: With growing popularity of social media with their target customers, marketers are increasingly focusing on this medium and adopting it for branding, communicating, customer engagement and even product innovation. There are many options of social media platforms available and users are present on multiple platforms to gratify their specific needs. As organizations adopt social media into their marketing function, it will be of importance to know the trends of social media usage by the organizations in India. A research was conducted where senior and middle managers of organizations in India were surveyed to study the social media usage trends in their organization. This paper presents the results of the research conducted to capture these social media trends. Trends validate the adoption of multiple social media platforms by organizations to be present where their target customers are present.
Keywords: Social Media, Social Media Platforms, Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Social Media Trends.

Abstract: This study concentrates on examining the challenges of international students, particularly for postgraduate’s students. This study aims to contribute to our understanding of what comprises adjustment, using the experience of a group of international postgraduate students to describe and define the initial stage of the stopover.
The limited narrative and clarity on what adjustment means, as the structure was highlighted and measured in different ways and from different perspectives and different models. When international students attend universities with a different culture than their own, they have to deal with new educational and social organizations behaviors and expectations, and adjustment challenges which they are common to students in general.
This study uses a qualitative method. All participants were Muslim, one participant has a family member with him in Malaysia, and other participants were not, two of the participant were married and had children, other participants were single. The findings of this study shown that there’s a different level for Arab postgraduate student in adjustment with Malaysia culture; it also depends on the region of participating in the Arab world. All of the participantsagree that both culturesare very similar with few differences. This study suggested that the future studies my further study the international students in general rather than the Arabs.