Abstract: This work presents a rigorous numerical and theoretical investigation into the stability characteristics of nano-enhanced phase change materials (NEPCMs) subjected to control volume discretization. The governing energy conservation equation is discretized using a finite volume scheme, incorporating nonlinear thermophysical properties of NEPCMs, modeled via Maxwell-Garnett and mixture theory formulations for thermal conductivity and heat capacity, respectively. An explicit expression for the axial velocity component is derived from the energy balance, linking it to enthalpy evolution, spatial temperature gradients, and grid resolution. A generalized stability criterion is reformulated from the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CFL) condition, parameterized by local thermophysical properties and mesh-dependent quantities. Stability number maps and phase-plane portraits are generated using MATLAB to define feasible computational domains under varying spatial variations. The impact of nanoparticle concentration, enthalpy flux, and thermal diffusion coefficients on the stability regime is systematically quantified. Results demonstrate that stability deteriorates nonlinearly with increasing nanoparticle concentration due to suppressed thermal diffusivity, and that finer spatial grids necessitate exponentially smaller time steps to maintain numerical fidelity. The analysis bridges the gap between physical modeling and numerical stability in NEPCM systems and establishes a robust framework for parameter selection in transient thermal simulations of latent heat storage media.

Keywords: Control Volume Discretization, Enthalpy Evolution, Grid Resolution, Finite Volume Scheme, Nano-Enhanced Phase Change Material; Stability Characteristics.

Title: Analyzing Stability of Nano-Enhanced PCM via Control Volume Method

Author: Florence Awuor Misawo, Thomas T. O. Onyango, Fredrick O. Nyamwala

International Journal of Novel Research in Physics Chemistry & Mathematics

ISSN 2394-9651

Vol. 12, Issue 1, January 2025 - April 2025

Page No: 86-103

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 26-April-2025

Abstract: A comparative analysis of the carbon atom (C) and its singly charged ion (C⁺) is conducted within the framework of the Hartree-Fock approximation. Focusing on the ground-state properties of the 1s and 2s subshells. The study includes one- and two-particle radial distributions, inter-electronic distribution functions, expectation values of radial and inter-electronic distances, and energy components. The results show substantial contraction and stabilization in the ionized 2s shell while there are negligible effects on the 1s shell. These results provide insight into the response of the different orbital shells to ionization in a light atomic species and are in good agreement with earlier results published. All computations were performed using a numerical implementation of the Hartree-Fock method in Mathcad 15.

Keywords: Hartree-Fock, cation of the carbon atom, radial density function, inter-electronic distribution, subshell energy analysis.

Title: Hartree-Fock Computation of Subshell Properties in Carbon and Its Singly Charged Ion

Author: Ahmed Jammel Mahdi, Qassim Shamkhi AL-Khafaji

International Journal of Novel Research in Physics Chemistry & Mathematics

ISSN 2394-9651

Vol. 12, Issue 1, January 2025 - April 2025

Page No: 80-85

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 19-April-2025

Abstract: This research aims to highlight the role of mathematical models in understanding complex biological processes in the nervous system and cardiac systems. Neuroscience is an Interdisciplinary scientific field that relies on mathematics, engineering, and physics to analyze how the brain processes information and its impact on behavior and cognition. The Hodgkin-Huxley differential equation is one of the most prominent mathematical models describing the dynamics of membrane potential resulting from ion movement in neurons.

This equation has been refined to enhance biological realism by incorporating additional currents, such as calcium current, the sodium-potassium pump, stochastic noise, and synaptic currents. These improvements have contributed to a more accurate representation of neuronal membrane dynamics and membrane potential stability, providing deeper insights into neural behavior in biological systems and related diseases.

In addition to the nervous system, mathematical models are used to study cardiac systems, contributing to the development of therapeutic strategies for neurological and cardiac diseases. Differential equations accurately represent the electrical activity of neuronal and cardiac cells, facilitating the analysis of environmental factors and drug effects.

This research demonstrates how the integration of mathematical models with biology can enhance scientific understanding and offer practical solutions in areas such as drug development and precise analysis of their effects. The study underscores the importance of mathematics as a powerful tool for exploring neural signaling and comprehensively analyzing biological systems.

Keywords: Neuroscience, Mathematical Models, Hodgkin-Huxley Equation, Membrane Potential, Ion Channels, Differential Equations, Drug Development.

Title: Advanced Mathematical Modeling and Dynamic Analysis of Neural Signal Transmission: Refinements to the Hodgkin-Huxley Equation and Applications of Differential Equations in Neuroscience Research

Author: Sattar H. Abed, Safaa H. Rasool, Haider Hazem Halbous, Mustafa Ahmed Hadi, Tabarak Salah Mahdi

International Journal of Novel Research in Physics Chemistry & Mathematics

ISSN 2394-9651

Vol. 12, Issue 1, January 2025 - April 2025

Page No: 70-79

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 19-April-2025

Abstract: One of the most deadly forms of cancer in the world is colon cancer. Given the numerous genetic, environmental, and occupational factors associated with this disease's incidence, early detection improves treatment outcomes. The study aimed to determine whether there is a relationship between radon and uranium concentrations and the incidence of colon cancer.

Blood samples for colon cancer patients were collected from the National Hospital for Oncology and Hematology in Najaf and medical clinics as well 60 samples were collected, divided between 35 females and 25 males, for the period from 2021 to 2022. Nuclear trace detector technology was additionally employed to determine the quantity of alpha particles and, consequently, the uranium and radon (²²²Rn) concentrations, as the radon concentrations in female and male patients were the highest compared to healthy ones, it was also concluded that radon concentrations in general are higher in males compared to females.

Also, the results of calculating uranium (C_u) concentrations were higher in female colon cancer patients compared to healthy people, but in males they were higher in healthy people compared to male colon cancer patients. Also, in general, uranium concentrations in males with colon cancer and healthy people were higher compared to females. The results were also analyzed statistically using the SPSS program version 2023. It is considered a basic preliminary study for such a disease and for the area studied.

Keywords: uranium, colon cancer, radon, oconology, Iraq.

Title: Effect of Radon and Uranium Concentrations with Gender in Colon Cancer: A Comparative Study

Author: Zahra Mousa Hamza, Shaymaa awad kadhim

International Journal of Novel Research in Physics Chemistry & Mathematics

ISSN 2394-9651

Vol. 12, Issue 1, January 2025 - April 2025

Page No: 61-69

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 24-March-2025

Abstract: Most research studies aim to reach new methods in diagnosis, whether for diseases or materials used in various fields of science such as medicine, physics, agriculture, etc., which help in early detection of most difficulties, whether a disease or a material used to solve a specific problem. One of the techniques used for such purposes is ultraviolet spectroscopy. UV spectroscopy, one of the earliest automated analytical methods, has shown itself to be a flexible and essential instrument in many scientific domains. It is a useful tool in analytical chemistry because of its capacity to differentiate between various kinds of materials. This technique is frequently employed to ascertain the identification, potency, calibre, and purity of various materials. UV spectroscopy's fundamental idea is that samples absorb particular light wavelengths, and it offers important information about how materials react to this absorption.

In UV spectroscopy, the use of Beer's Law, a general theory, describes how samples absorb radiant radiation. Hundreds of studies have demonstrated the value of this device as a preliminary determination in the fields of agriculture, nanomaterials, and medicine for a variety of diseases. It is noteworthy that this method is characterized by its accuracy, simplicity, and broad range of applications. Colourless and coloured chemicals in the visible and ultraviolet spectrums can be analyzed thanks to the device's operation in the 200–800 nm wavelength range. To put it briefly, UV spectroscopy is a vital analytical method with many uses that forms the basis of scientific investigation and analysis. These methods should become more clinically accepted as a result of future immunological research.

Keywords: UV Spectroscopy, monohromator, detector, Adenine, guanine, cytosine.

Title: Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy, Importance, Principle, Structure and Most Important Applications: A Study Review

Author: Azhar S. Alaboodi, Shaymaa Awad Kadhim, Ahmed Shaker Hussein

International Journal of Novel Research in Physics Chemistry & Mathematics

ISSN 2394-9651

Vol. 12, Issue 1, January 2025 - April 2025

Page No: 53-60

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 04-March-2025

Abstract: Cancer is the most critical disease distressing humans and a primary cause of death on a global scale. Lately, the use of targeted anticancer medications as an approach for optimizing antitumor therapy has been urged. Changes in epigenetics in eukaryotic biological processes can result in the up- or downregulation of regulatory proteins contributing to disease onset and progression. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been one of the most researched epigenetic targets over the past three decades, also, HDAC enzymes are promising drug targets for the treatment of cancer. Truly, abnormal HDAC expression is associated with various kinds of cancer and neuro-degenerative disorders, establishing HDACs promising molecular targets for the design of new drugs. Numerous HDAC inhibitors (HDACIs) are currently in clinical evaluation for different forms of cancer, and some of them have reached the market following food and drug administration (FDA) approval. This review summarizes the various HDAC classes and discuss different classes HDACIs with a dedicated focus on late-stage preclinical candidates and drugs in clinical trials. Lastly, but just as importantly, we shed light on the future directions in HDACIs design which may help researchers in development and discovery of new horizons in cancer treatment.

Keywords: Cancer, Clinical trials, Histone deacetylases, HDAC inhibitors.

Title: Current and Promising Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy

Author: Heba A. Hofny, Mamdouh F.A. Mohamed, El-Shimaa M. N. Abdelhafez, Heba A. Hassan, Gamal El-Din A. Abuo-Rahma

International Journal of Novel Research in Physics Chemistry & Mathematics

ISSN 2394-9651

Vol. 12, Issue 1, January 2025 - April 2025

Page No: 35-52

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 03-March-2025

Abstract: With their diverse range of biological actions, 1,3,4-trisubstituted pyrazoles have become significant compounds in medicinal chemistry, especially in the study of cancer. Since 1,3,4- trisubstituted pyrazole derivative have been demonstrated to have analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer actions, this study focuses on their pharmacological characteristics. Compounds that block cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are notable examples because they cause cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in multiple cancer cell lines. Disrupting angiogenesis and tumor progression, these compounds have also shown encouraging inhibitory efficacy against vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs). According to recent research, several 1,3,4-trisubstituted pyrazoles have strong cytotoxic effects against a variety of cancer types, including solid tumors and leukemia, with IC₅₀ value in the lower micromolar ranges. Furthermore, by specifically targeting important enzymes involved in the growth of cancer, some derivatives have been demonstrated to increase the effectiveness of already available chemotherapeutics. The promise of 1,3,4-trisubstituted pyrazoles as lead compounds for the creation of innovative anticancer treatments is highlighted in this review, which also emphasizes the need for more research to completely clarify their therapeutic potential due to their complex methods of action.

Keywords: 1,3,4-trisubstituted pyrazole, anticancer, VEGFR, CDK.

Title: Mechanisms and anticancer therapeutic potential of 1,3,4-trisubstituted pyrazole derivatives (mini review)

Author: Omar Alshazly, Mohamed Abdel-Aziz, Mamdouh F. A. Mohamed, Gamal El-Din A. Abuo-Rahma

International Journal of Novel Research in Physics Chemistry & Mathematics

ISSN 2394-9651

Vol. 12, Issue 1, January 2025 - April 2025

Page No: 25-34

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 12-February -2025

Abstract: A proposal based on the concepts of the human genetics in the light of the Mendel's laws are including the sexual characteristics of the male and female. The female characteristics is (X) to male masculinity(Y-Y) to form(Y-X-Y) in sperm and the male charactistics is(Y) to female feminility (X-X) to form(X-Y-X) in egg. After fertilization process (sperm fuses with the egg) to form embryo(fetus) setting in the mother uterus, the growth will begins.

Keywords: Mendel's laws, Sex hormone, zygote division.

Title: A proposal based on concepts of human genetics and in the light of Mendel's laws was setting

Author: Dr. Ziadan Jassim Khalaf

International Journal of Novel Research in Physics Chemistry & Mathematics

ISSN 2394-9651

Vol. 12, Issue 1, January 2025 - April 2025

Page No: 22-24

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 12-February -2025

Abstract: In this article, we show how to construct an infinite family of generalized Pythagorean triples.  Then, we consider how Fermat's Last Theorem relates to this construction.

Keywords: Pythagorean triple, primitive Pythagorean triple, convergent infinite geometric series, Fermat's Last Theorem.

Title: CONSTRUCTING INFINITE FAMILIES OF GENERALIZED PYTHAGOREAN TRIPLES

Author: Ronald Skurnick

International Journal of Novel Research in Physics Chemistry & Mathematics

ISSN 2394-9651

Vol. 12, Issue 1, January 2025 - April 2025

Page No: 18-21

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 11-February -2025

Abstract: The X-ray tube remains one of the few vacuum tubes that has not been replaced by solid-state technology, alongside magnetron tubes and other high-voltage vacuum tubes used in radar systems. While many vacuum tubes are readily available online at reasonable prices, X-ray tubes are not produced in the same quantities and are often difficult to obtain, making them quite expensive. This situation is particularly problematic given that X-rays are valuable not only for large-scale industrial and medical imaging but also for small-scale research in fields like physics, chemistry, and electronics. A more affordable and compact X-ray tube would greatly benefit small-scale research efforts. This paper explores the development of such a tube.

Keywords: X-ray tube, solid-state technology, radar systems.

Title: Development of X-ray tube for low power X-ray applications

Author: Maximilian Aaron Jelačić

International Journal of Novel Research in Physics Chemistry & Mathematics

ISSN 2394-9651

Vol. 12, Issue 1, January 2025 - April 2025

Page No: 13-17

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 14-January -2025

Abstract: This paper proposes a new distribution called New Generalized XLindley distribution (NGXLD), this distribution is generated as an extension of Xlindley distribution and hence the name proposed. Statistical properties like the maximum likelihood estimation method and moment were used in estimating the parameters of the proposed distribution. The Kolmogorov Smirnov goodness of fit was tested with four retrieved different datasets, compared with some selected existing model and shows more efficient than the considered models.

Keywords:  Coronavirus, Harmonic Mean, Kolmogorov Smirnov, Maximum Likelihood Estimation, Quasi XLindley Distribution, Xlindley distribution, Weighted Distribution.

Title: NEW GENERALIZED XLINDLEY DISTRIBUTION: ITS PROPERTIES AND APPLICATION TO LIFETIME DATA

Author: TOYIN ELIJAH FANIYI, THOMPSON ELO IDIKE

International Journal of Novel Research in Physics Chemistry & Mathematics

ISSN 2394-9651

Vol. 12, Issue 1, January 2025 - April 2025

Page No: 1-12

Novelty Journals

Website: www.noveltyjournals.com

Published Date: 01- January -2025