Abstract: In this research, we study deteriorating inventory replenishment policy with quadratic trend in demand and shortages over a fixed planning period and we obtain the analytic solution by minimizing the total inventory.

Keywords: Inventory model, deteriorating items, quadratic, time-dependent demand and partial backlogging.
Title: A Deteriorating Inventory Model with Quadratic Time Dependent Demand under Partial Backlogging
Author: UMAR MUHAMMAD ABUBAKAR, SALIM RABIU KABARA, UMAR TASI'U MUSTAPHA, MUJAHID GUDA MUSA
ISSN 2394-9651
International Journal of Novel Research in Physics Chemistry & Mathematics
Novelty Journals

Abstract: Bio fertilizer was produced in this research by composting mixtures of sawdust and urine, sawdust and sewage sludge and sawdust and cow dung respectively. Pilot scale study was performed with containers made of polyethylene (PET) as the composter sequel to selection of a mixture with high yield of Nitrogen. In this study, the mixtures of organic waste were composted at different weight ratios (2:1, 4:1, 6:1 and 8:1). Turning over was done once every week for aeration. Temperature was monitored at different depths daily. Other parameters such as N, C, organic matter, pH and heavy metals were determined at the end of the composting. The results of the study showed that a mixture of sawdust and sewage at a ratio of 6:1 gave a higher percentage of Nitrogen. Organic matter and fixed carbon decreased due to increasing the temperature. Highest temperature obtained was 59.5oC after 25 days. Also the temperature of some of the compost decreased slightly at day 30 due to maturity of the compost. The heavy metal content of all the composts decreased to world health organisation acceptable standards established by United State environmental protection agency 2004 (2800mg/l for Zn, 300mg/l for Pb, 1500mg/l for Cu, 1200mg/l for Cr and 39mg/l for Cd). The optimization results gave a mixture of sawdust and sewage at a weight ratio of 5:1 for 22.5 days at moisture of 45% as the optimum condition for the manufacture of bio fertilizer. The results indicated that co-composting of sewage and sawdust is a reliable and simple method for the production of bio fertilizer.

Keywords: Bio-fertilizer, Composting, Sawdust, Sewage sludge, Urine, Cow dung.
Title: Manufacture of Bio Fertilizer by Composting Sawdust and Other Organic Waste
Author: Philomina K. Igbokwe, Christian O. Asadu, Emmanuel C. Okpe, Sylvanus E. Okoro
ISSN 2394-9651
International Journal of Novel Research in Physics Chemistry & Mathematics
Novelty Journals

Abstract: Kinetics studies of cloisite® 20 Organoclay Modified Dehydrated Castor Oil (DCO) Fire Retardant Alkyd Resin were studied using the first, second and third order chemical reaction equation. The DCO modified alkyd resin macromolecule was synthesized through alcoholysis-esterification interface using glycerol, phthalic and maleic anhydride, PA and MA. Eight samples of fire retardant resin were produced. Sample I,II,III,IV,V and VI contains 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10% weight of cloisite® 20 organoclay. Sample VII and VIII contain 4% of each of cloisite® 20 with 100% PA and 3:1 ratio of MA and PA respectively. The viscosity profile of the alkyd system was monitored and confirmed to increase as the reaction progress which implies that alkyd products are formed. However, there tends to be decrease in the order of reaction when compared to other work on alkyd resin kinetics. This is attributed to the presence of cloisite® 20 which could mask the reaction site in the alkyd reaction system. It was also found that first, second and third order reaction equation can be used to explain the reaction path of cloisite® 20 modified resin.

Keywords: alkyd resin, cloisite® 20, reaction order, esterification.
Title: Kinetic Studies on Polyesterification Process of Cloisite® 20 Organoclay Modified Dehydrated Castor Oil (DCO) Fire Retardant Alkyd Resin
Author: Onukwuli O.D, Madiebo E.M.
ISSN 2394-9651
International Journal of Novel Research in Physics Chemistry & Mathematics
Novelty Journals